Pg. 43. Deicke Bentonite Bed of Castlewood Member of Spechts Ferry Formation. Present in Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Consists of light-gray bentonite clay. Altered locally to bed of hard pink monoclinic potash feldspar. Thickness 0.13 m at type section. Occurs near or at base of Castlewood, which unconformably overlies Quimbys Mill Formation. Age is Middle Ordovician.
Type section: Mincke Section, in south bluff of Meramec River along St. Louis-San Francisco RR, 0.4 km northeast of Mincke Siding, in center of E/2 SE/4 SE/4 sec. 21, T. 44 N., R. 4 E., St. Louis Co., MO. Named from town of Deicke, 3.2 km southwest of type section.

Source: US geologic names lexicon (USGS Bull. 1564, p. 44).

In this report authors extend the correlation of the Deicke and Millbrig K-bentonite beds from MO across KY and the central basin in TN to northeast AL and southwest VA using data from outcrops, cores, and wireline logs. They are equivalent to beds previously called T-3 or Pencil Cave and T-4 or Mud Cave metabentonites and thus are Ordovician chronostratigraphic marker horizons throughout much of the eastern Midcontinent. Both beds thicken toward the southeast indicating a volcanic source area east of SC. The areal extent of known correlatives of the Deicke and Millbrig is estimated to be at least 600,000 square km. The volume of both beds suggests they rank among the largest documented air-fall ash deposits. The Deicke and Millbrig occur in the Carters Limestone in TN, GA, and AL, in the Eggleston Formation in VA, and in the Tyrone Limestone in KY. It is proposed in this report that the names Deicke and Millbrig K-bentonite beds "take precedence for usage in describing beds formerly called T-3 or Pencil Cave and T-4 or Mud Cave."

Source: GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Reston GNULEX).

Type Blackriveran Deicke Metabentonite in MO at the base of the Castlewood Member of the Spechts Ferry is actually a "junior synonym" for Pencil Cave Metabentonite and therefore is "suppressed." The Trentonian Deicke at the base of the Carimona Member of the Spechts Ferry of MN, IA, and southwest WI is retained temporarily, but should be renamed to avoid confusion.

Source: GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Reston GNULEX).

Three Rocklandian K-bentonite beds occur in the Valley and Ridge province of southwest VA, southeast WV, and northeast TN. The older two are identified as the Deicke and Millbrig K-bentonite Beds, mapped previously in the Upper Mississippi Valley. The Deicke (oldest of the three beds) is equivalent to K-bentonite V-3 in the central Valley and Ridge, K-bentonite R-7 in the Powell Valley, and K-bentonite T-3 of the Cincinnati Arch, also called Pencil Cave bentonite. The Millbrig is equivalent to K-bentonite V-4 in the central Valley and Ridge, K-bentonite R-10 in the Powell Valley, and K-bentonite T-4 of the Cincinnati Arch, also called Mud Cave bentonite. The youngest bed has not been correlated with a K-bentonite in the Upper Mississippi Valley, but is known widely as the informal bed V-7. The Millbrig and V-7 are present in the Bays Formation in the eastern belt, while the Deicke occurs in or just above the redbeds of the Moccasin Formation (Walker Mountain Sandstone [Member] in the New River Valley) and does not extend eastward into the Bays. At Hagan, and several other places in southwestern VA, the Deicke and Millbrig occur in the Eggleston Formation. Using the bentonites as time lines, it has been determined that the bases of the Eggleston, Bays, and Trenton ("Martinsburg") Formations become younger to the northeast. The Walker Mountain Sandstone Member of the Moccasin and Bays Formations also becomes younger to the northeast. Correlation charts. Cross sections. Measured sections in Appendix.

Source: GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Reston GNULEX).

According to the author, the terms Deicke K-bentonite Bed and Millbrig K-bentonite Bed satisfy the requirements of the North American Stratigraphic Code and are used in this report as formal names. Reinterpretations of earlier correlations in the Valley and Ridge of AL and GA are presented in this report. (See Haynes, 1992, for reinterpretations in the VA Valley and Ridge.) The Deicke and Millbrig occur in the Tyrone Limestone of the uppermost High Bridge Group in central KY; the Carters Limestone of the uppermost Stones River Group in central and southeast TN and northwest GA; the upper Moccasin and lower Eggleston Formations in southwest VA, southeast WV, and northeast TN, and the upper Stones River Group (undivided) and Chickamauga Limestone in AL. Both the Deicke and Millbrig occur in the Colvin Mountain Sandstone in AL, but only the Deicke has been found in the Colvin Mountain in GA and the Bays Formation in southeast TN. In northeast TN, and southwest VA only the Millbrig is present in the Bays. The Deicke and Millbrig are now recognizable in both carbonate and clastic strata of the Valley and Ridge province from Birmingham, AL, to Roanoke, VA. Absolute age based on 40Ar/39Ar values from biotites determined the mean isotopic age of the two beds is 454.1+/-2.1 Ma (Kunk and Sutter, 1984). Fission track dating of zircons determined a mean age of 453+/-3 Ma (Ross and others, 1982). Age, then, is clearly Rocklandian. Report includes measured sections and correlation charts.

Source: GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Reston GNULEX).

Deicke Bentonite Bed (Willman and Kolata, 1978) is equivalent to Pencil Cave bentonite (drillers' term). Blackriveran-Rocklandian boundary is present at Deicke (Sloan, 1987). Sweet (1984) placed Blackriveran-Rocklandian boundary at base of Platteville Formation in Minnesota, well below Deicke Bentonite Bed. Until differences of opinion are resolved, specific age of diverse nautiloid fauna (from USGS fossil collection 6034-CO) from correlative Tyrone Limestone is uncertain, but can be placed with confidence in Blackriveran-Rocklandian interval.

Source: GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Reston GNULEX).