Chester A. RulemanAdam M. HudsonMargaret E. BerryKatherine A. AlexanderSamuel A. JohnstoneJuan Marcel CamposDanielle N. Woodring2025https://doi.org/10.5066/P147QTEGThis data release presents geologic map data for the surficial geology of the Wheeler Peak, Raton, Springer, and Taos 30-minute by 60-minute quadrangles, New Mexico. This 1:100,000 scale geologic mapping incorporates new interpretive contributions and compilation from 1:24,000 to 1:250,000 scale published geologic map data sources. Much of the geology incorporated from previous mapping is adjusted with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) 1-meter digital elevation models, satellite imagery, and field observations in key localities to improve spatial resolution of the data and eliminate mismatches at source map boundaries. This data set represents only the surficial geology, defined as generally unconsolidated sedimentary deposits that are Quaternary or partly Quaternary in age. Bedrock, volcanic deposits, and faults without documented Quaternary offset are not included in this database but are instead published in a separate companion bedrock database of the same footprint. The surficial data set encompasses two physiographic provinces: the Southern Rocky Mountains Province and Great Plains Province, Raton Section. These physiographic provinces are split further into subprovinces based on general deposit type; alluvium, colluvium, alluvium/colluvium, glacial, eolian, mass-wasting, groundwater/spring discharge, and playa, lake, and wetland deposit types; which host the specific map units that are binned by age (e.g., Holocene, Pleistocene, Quaternary undivided) as relevant to available information, chronology, and map scale. Map unit polygons also include attributes such as constituent material, genetic type, compilation method, and links to the source map(s) from which data was compiled. Gaps in map compilation are related to a lack of published geologic mapping at the time of compilation, and not necessarily a lack of surficial deposits. The database follows the schema and structure of the Seamless Integrated Geologic Mapping (SIGMa; Turner and others, 2022) extension to the Geologic Map Schema (GeMS; USGS, 2020).     The map area lies within two physiographic provinces of Fenneman (1928): the Southern Rocky Mountains Province, and the Great Plains Province, Raton Section. Surficial geology of this region of the Southern Rocky Mountain Province is characterized by high peaks (~3,900-4,300 meters asl) of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains uplifted along active faults and deeply eroded by Pleistocene glacial activity (Ruleman and others, 2025). Surficial deposits within the mountain ranges on the map consists of glacial and glaciofluvial deposits, landslide deposits, and alluvial-colluvial deposits aggrading into localized depositional areas eroded during glacial cycles. On the west side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains lies the San Luis Basin, a volcanically plugged and intermittently closed basin through the Neogene, with most recent integration with the Gulf of Mexico, formation of the modern Rio Grande, and deep-canyon incision occurring in the last 400 k.y. (Ruleman and others, 2016; Ruleman and others, 2019). Deposits of the San Luis basin are generally characterized as closed-basin alluvial fan systems and bajada complexes overlying lacustrine sediments of early to middle Pleistocene Lake Alamosa (Machette, 2013: Ruleman and others, 2016; Ruleman and others, 2019) in an actively subsiding basin. Deposits predating the Rio Grande gorge incision and aggrading across the current position of the gorge and through-going, mainstem Rio Grande gravels integrating basins to the south are both included in the database and geologic map. Surficial deposits of the Great Plains Province and Raton basin generally consist of eastward-sloping pediment deposits overlying Miocene to Pleistocene volcanics. Glacial, glaciofluvial, and periglacial activity has produced terrace gravels marking the Pleistocene incision of the region and left an abundance of dissolution and ablation landforms containing playas, wetlands, and small water bodies in closed depressions. The geologic data in this data release will be published through a USGS publication series, for example Open-file report, as a static, cartographic representation of the surficial geology and will include a more detailed description of mapping methods. The cartographic map published through the USGS publication series will reflect a single visualization of the data and will be associated with a specific version of this data release, whereas this data release may be versioned as the state of geologic knowledge throughout the region evolves. This data release and subsequent versions will be the most current and authoritative source of the geologic information.The purpose of the data set is to present geologic map data at 1:100,000 that will contribute to the National Geologic Map, an intermediate-scale, seamless, and integrated geologic map database of the nation.P147QTEG_SurficialGeologicMap is a composite geodataset that conforms to GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--a standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps", available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS/. Metadata records associated with each element within the geodataset contain more detailed descriptions of their purposes, constituent entities, and attributes.). An OPEN shapefile versions of the dataset is also available. It consists of shapefiles, DBF files, and delimited text files and retains all information in the native geodatabase, but some programming will likely be necessary to assemble these components into usable formats. These metadata were prepared with the aid of script GeMS_FGDCMetadata_AGP2.py, version of 14 June 2023. Brock, J., Berry, K., Faulds, J., Berg, R., House, K., Marketti, M., McPhee, D., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, J., Soller, D., Spears, D., Thompson, R., Thorleifson, H., and Walsh, G., 2021, Renewing the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program as the Nation’s authoritative source for modern geologic knowledge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1013, 10 p., accessed April 2023, at https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211013. Fenneman, N.M., 1928, Physiographic divisions of the United States: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 18, no. 4, pp. 261- 353, accessed June 2023 at https://doi.org/10.2307/2560726. Turner, K.J., Workman, J.B., Colgan, J.P., Gilmer, A.K., Berry, M.E., Johnstone, S.A., Warrell, K.F., Dechesne, M., VanSistine, D.P., Thompson, R.A., Hudson, A.M., Zellman, K.L., Sweetkind, D., and Ruleman, C.A., 2022, The Seamless Integrated Geologic Mapping (SIGMa) extension to the Geologic Map Schema (GeMS): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5115, 33 p., accessed December 2022 at https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225115. U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)—A standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B10, 74 p., accessed March 2023, at https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B10. Files included in this USGS Data Release include: ------Shapefiles_CSVs.zip---------- CSV file duplicates of the non-spatial tables and shapefiles of feature classes in the file geodatabase. Field names and attributes will be cut off in shapefiles because of limitations on field name length and field characters. --ContactsAndFaults.[.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .shx, .shp.xml] --MapUnitLabels.[.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .shx, .shp.xml] --MapUnitPolys.[.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .shx, .shp.xml] --GeologicProvincePolys.[.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .shx, .shp.xml] --Contributors.csv --DatabaseReleaseVersions.csv --DataSources.csv --DataSourcesList.csv --DescriptionOfMapUnits.csv --GeologicProvinces.csv --GeoMaterialDict.csv --Glossary.csv --Methods.csv --RepurposedSymbols.csv --TimeScale.csv ------Symbology.zip---------- layer files and stylx files for symbolization in ArcPro --ContactsAndFaults.lyrx --MapUnitPolys.lyrx --MapUnitPolys-Mainstem.lyrx --GeolgicProvincePolys.lyrx ------P147QTEG_SurficialGeologicMap.gdb.zip---------- P147QTEG_SurficialGeologicMap.gdb[File geodatabse] --GeologicMap[Feature dataset] ----ContactsAndFaults[Feature class] ----MapUnitLabels[Feature class] ----MapUnitPolys[Feature class] --Contributors[Non-spatial table] --DataReleaseVersions[Non-spatial table] --DataSources[Non-spatial table] --DataSourcesList[Non-spatial table] --DescriptionOfMapUnits[Non-spatial table] --GeologicProvinces[Non-spatial table] --GeologicProvincePolys[Feature class] --GeoMaterialDict[Non-spatial table] --Glossary[Non-spatial table] --Methods[Non-spatial table] --TimeScale[Non-spatial table] --DataSources_DataSourcesList[Relationship class] --DataSourcesList_ContactsAndFaults[Relationship class] --DataSourcesList_DescriptionOfMapUnits_DescriptionSourceID[Relationship class] --DataSourcesList_Glossary[Relationship class] --DataSourcesList_MapUnitLabels[Relationship class] --DataSourcesList_MapUnitPolys[Relationship class] --DataSourcesList_TimeScale[Relationship class] --DescriptionOfMapUnits_ContactsAndFaults[Relationship class] --DescriptionOfMapUnits_MapUnitLabels[Relationship class] --DescriptionOfMapUnits_MapUnitPolys[Relationship class] --Methods_ContactsAndFaults[Relationship class] --Methods_MapUnitLabels[Relationship class] --Methods_MapUnitPolys[Relationship class] P147QTEG_SurficialGeologicMap is a composite geodataset that conforms to GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--a standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps", available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS/. Metadata records associated with each element within the geodataset contain more detailed descriptions of their purposes, constituent entities, and attributes.). An OPEN shapefile versions of the dataset is also available. It consists of shapefiles, DBF files, and delimited text files and retains all information in the native geodatabase, but some programming will likely be necessary to assemble these components into usable formats. These metadata were prepared with the aid of script GeMS_FGDCMetadata_AGP2.py, version of 14 June 2023.20250815Publication date.CompleteAs needed.-106.1327-103.894937.148335.8499None. [common-use word or phrase used to describe the subject of the data set]Sangre de Cristo fault systemsouthern Sangre de Cristo fault zoneSangre de Cristo faultEmbudo fault zoneGorge fault zoneSunshine Valley fault zoneLos Cordovas fault zoneneotectonicsactive faultRio Grande riftPleistocene glaciationPleistocene river incisionRio Grande incisionRio Grande evolutionRio Grande geomorphologyGeologic mapFaultGlacial depositsAlluviumEolian depositsMass-wasting depositsColluviumGroundwater and spring-discharge depositsPlaya depositsWetland depositsLake depositsNational Cooperative Geologic Mapping ProgramUSGS Metadata IdentifierUSGS:eb6537f9-d6e7-4e55-afb0-c3805aed6c2eNoneNew MexicoSan Luis ValleyTaos Plateausouthern San Luis basinSangre de Cristo MountainsPicuris MountainsCimarron RangeCostilla PeakCulebra RangeLatir PeaksWheeler PeakTruchas PeakValle VidalMoreno ValleyPhilmont Boy Scout RanchBaldy MountainTouch-Me-Not MountainEagle NestRaton BasinAgua Fria PeakRincon MountainsOcate CreekHarding CountyRio Arriba CountyMora CountyCarson National ForestKiowa National GrasslandsTaos PuebloColfax CountyTaos CountyCerro ChifloRio Grande Del Norte National MonumentRio Grande gorgeRio GrandeLa Junta PointCebolla MesaCabresto CreekPinabete PeakBrushy MountainQuestaCerro MontosoGuadalupe MountainUte MountainSunshine ValleyCostilla PlainCostillaCostilla CreekLatir CreekRed RiverRio HondoRio Pueblo de TaosRio Fernando de TaosRio Grande del RanchoCanadian RiverCimarron RiverVermejo RiverDivisions of geologic time-major chronostratigraphic and geochronologic units (USGS,2018)Holocenelate Pleistocenemiddle Pleistoceneearly PleistocenePleistoceneQuaternarylate TertiaryNoneUnless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.Chester A. RulemanMailing Address

Denver Federal Center, MS 980 (Building 25)

DenverCO80225United States303-236-7804cruleman@usgs.govFunding for the Intermountain West Project was provided by the National Cooperative GeologicMapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey.Confidence that a feature exists and confidence that a feature is correctly identified are described in per-feature attributes ExistenceConfidence and IdentityConfidence.All data fell within expected ranges. No duplicates or omissions were found in the datasets.Individual entries are considered complete within this data set. The data set as a whole will be updatedand expanded semi-annually.Estimated accuracy of horizontal location is given on a per-feature basis by attribute LocationConfidenceMeters. Values are expected to be correct within a factor of 2. A LocationConfidenceMeters value of -9 or -9999 indicates that no value has been assigned.Aby, S.2008https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-182Publication2008Publication dateAby, 2008Source contributed to the generation of this mapAby, S., and Hallet, B.2007https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-145Publication2007Publication dateAby and Hallet, 2007Source contributed to the generation of this mapHawley, John W., McCraw, David J., Love, David W., and Connell, Sean D.2021https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-295Publication2021Publication dateHawley and others, 2021Source contributed to the generation of this mapThompson, R.A., Turner, K.J., Shroba, R.R., Cosca, M.A., Ruleman, C.A., Lee, J.P., and Brandt, T.R.2014https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3283Publication2014Publication dateThompson and others, 2014aSource contributed to the generation of this mapPillmore, C.L.1991https://doi.org/10.3133/b1972Publication1991Publication datePillmore, 1991Source contributed to the generation of this mapTurner, K.J., Thompson, R.A., Cosca, M.A., Shroba, R.R., Chan, C.F., and Morgan, L.E.2018https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3417Publication2018Publication dateTurner and others, 2018Source contributed to the generation of this mapWanek, A.A.1959https://doi.org/10.3133/b1072MPublication1959Publication dateWanek, 1959Source contributed to the generation of this mapThompson, R.A., Shroba, R.R., Machette, M.N., Fridrich, C.J., Brandt, T.R., and Cosca, M.A.2015https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3342Publication2015Publication dateThompson and others, 2015Source contributed to the generation of this mapU.S. Geological Survey Geologic Names Committee [USGS GNC]2018https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183054Publication2018Publication dateUSGS GNC, 2018Source contributed to the generation of this mapU.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program [USGS NCGMP]2020https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B10Publication2020Publication dateUSGS NCGMP, 2020Source contributed to the generation of this mapU.S. Geological Survey [USGS] and the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources [NMBGMR]2023https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/faultsPublication2023Publication dateUSGS and NMBGMRSource contributed to the generation of this mapFenneman, N.M.1946https://doi.org/10.3133/70207506Publication1946Publication dateFenneman, 1946Source contributed to the generation of this mapLipman, P.W., and Reed, J.C., Jr.1989https://doi.org/10.3133/i1907Publication1989Publication dateLipman and Reed, 1989Source contributed to the generation of this mapManley, K., Scott, G.R., and Wobus, R.A.1987https://doi.org/10.3133/i1730Publication1987Publication dateManley and others, 1987Source contributed to the generation of this mapPillmore, C.L.1965https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr65122Publication1965Publication datePillmore, 1965bSource contributed to the generation of this mapPillmore, C.L.1965https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr65121Publication1965Publication datePillmore, 1965aSource contributed to the generation of this mapPillmore, C.L.1964https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64123Publication1964Publication datePillmore, 1964Source contributed to the generation of this mapFerguson, C.A., and Skotnicki, S.J.2006https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-125Publication2006Publication dateFerguson and Skotnicki, 2006Source contributed to the generation of this mapSmith, C.T., Budding, A.J., and Pitrat, C.W1961https://doi.org/10.58799/B-75Publication1961Publication dateSmith and others, 1961Source contributed to the generation of this mapWanek, A.A., Read, C.B., Robinson, G.D., Hayes, W.H., and McCallum, M.1964https://doi.org/10.3133/i425Publication1964Publication dateWanek and others, 1964Source contributed to the generation of this mapRuleman, C.A., Thompson, R.A., Shroba, R.R., Anderson, M., Drenth, B.J., Rotzien, J., and Lyon, J.2013https://doi.org/10.1130/2013.2494(03)Publication2013Publication dateRuleman and others, 2013Source contributed to the generation of this mapCohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L., and Fan, J.X.2013https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002Publication2013Publication dateCohen and others, (2013; updated)Source contributed to the generation of this mapBauer, P.W., Kelson, K.I., Thompson, R.A., and Mansell, M.M.2021https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-293Publication2021Publication dateBauer and others, 2021bSource contributed to the generation of this mapBauer, P.W., Kelson, K.I., and Aby, S.B.2016https://doi.org/10.58799/OFR-584Publication2016Publication dateBauer and others, 2016Source contributed to the generation of this mapU.S. Geological Survey [USGS]2006https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/geolsymstd.phpPublication2006Publication dateUSGS, 2006Source contributed to the generation of this mapNeuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A.2005https://www.americangeosciences.org/pubs/glossaryPublication2005Publication dateNeuendorf and others, 2005Source contributed to the generation of this mapKelley, V.C.1978https://doi.org/10.58799/GM-48Publication1978Publication dateKelley, 1978Source contributed to the generation of this mapKempter, K., Koning, D., and Karlstrom, K.2008https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-180Publication2008Publication dateKempter and others, 2008Source contributed to the generation of this mapKelson, K.I., Bauer, P.W., Thompson, R.A.,2008https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-168Publication2008Publication dateKelson and others, 2008Source contributed to the generation of this mapKelson, K.I., Bauer, P.W., Diehl, K.S., Shapo, D., and Kelley, S.2001https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-43Publication2001Publication dateKelson and others, 2001Source contributed to the generation of this mapKirkham, R.M., Lufkin, J.L., Lindsay, N.R., and Dickens, K.E.2004https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geologic-map-la-valley-quadrangle-costilla-colorado/Publication2004Publication dateKirkham and others, 2004Source contributed to the generation of this mapKirkham, R.M., Keller, J.W., Price, J.B., and Lindsay, N.R.2005https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geologic-map-culebra-peak-quadrangle-costilla-las-animas-coloradoPublication2005Publication dateKirkham and others, 2005Source contributed to the generation of this mapKelson, K.I., and Bauer, P.W.1998https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-22Publication1998Publication dateKelson and Bauer, 1998Source contributed to the generation of this mapKelson, K.I., and Bauer, P.W.2013https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-247Publication2013Publication dateKelson and Bauer, 2013Source contributed to the generation of this mapKelson, K., and Bauer, P.2006https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-116Publication2006Publication dateKelson and Bauer, 2006Source contributed to the generation of this mapKelson, K., and Bauer, P.2003https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-63Publication2003Publication dateKelson and Bauer, 2003Source contributed to the generation of this mapAubry M.-P., Miller, K.G., Turco, E., Flores, J.A., Gladenkov, A., Grunert, P., Hilgen, F., Nishi, H., Holbourn, A., Krijgsman, W., Lirer, F., Piller, W.E., Quillévéré, F., Raffi, I., Robinson, M., Rook, L., Tian, J., Triantaphyllou, M., and Vallejo, F.2022https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2022/022008Publication2022Publication dateAubry and others, 2022Source contributed to the generation of this mapKoning, D.J.2004https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-83Publication2004Publication dateKoning, 2004Source contributed to the generation of this mapKoning, D.J.2003https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-71Publication2003Publication dateKoning, 2003Source contributed to the generation of this mapKoning, D.J., Aby, S., and Kelson, K.2007https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-144Publication2007Publication dateKoning and others, 2007bSource contributed to the generation of this mapBauer, P., Kelson, K., Lyman, J., Heynekamp, M.R., and McCraw, D.2000https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-33Publication2000Publication dateBauer and others, 2000Source contributed to the generation of this mapBauer, P.W., Helper, M.A., and Aby, S.2005https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-104Publication2005Publication dateBauer and others, 2005aSource contributed to the generation of this mapBauer, P.W., Kelson, K.I., Aby, S.B., Helper, M.A., and Mansell, M.M.2021https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-294Publication2021Publication dateBauer and others, 2021Source contributed to the generation of this mapKoning, D.J., and Aby, S.2003https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-49Publication2003Publication dateKoning and Aby, 2003Source contributed to the generation of this mapKoning, D., Karlstrom, K., May, J., Skotnicki, S., Horning, R., Newell, D., and Muehlberger, W.2005https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-101Publication2005Publication dateKoning and others, 2005Source contributed to the generation of this mapKoning, D.J., and Manley, K.2003https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-70Publication2003Publication dateKoning and Manley, 2003Source contributed to the generation of this mapAby, S., and Timmons, J.M.2005https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-105Publication2005Publication dateAby and Timmons, 2005Source contributed to the generation of this mapScott, G.R.1986https://doi.org/10.3133/i1705Publication1986Publication dateScott, 1986Source contributed to the generation of this mapFenneman, N.M.1928https://doi.org/10.1080/00045602809357034Publication1928Publication dateFenneman, 1928Source contributed to the generation of this mapStaatz, M.H.1986https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1591Publication1986Publication dateStaatz, 1986Source contributed to the generation of this mapStaatz, M.H.1987https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1605Publication1987Publication dateStaatz, 1987Source contributed to the generation of this mapBiddle, K.T. and Christie-Blick, N.1985https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.85.37Publication1985Publication dateBiddle and others, 1985Source contributed to the generation of this mapPillmore, C.L., and Scott, G.R.1994https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1737Publication1994Publication datePillmore and Scott, 1994Source contributed to the generation of this mapKelson, K., Bauer, P.W., Rawling, G., and Lynch, S.2010https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-170Publication2010Publication dateKelson and others, 2010Source contributed to the generation of this mapWood, G.H., Northrup, S.A., and Griggs, R.L.1953https://doi.org/10.3133/om141Publication1953Publication dateWood and others, 1953Source contributed to the generation of this mapGraf, W.L.1987https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-CENT-v2Publication1987Publication dateGraf, 1987Source contributed to the generation of this mapThis report2025https://doi.org/10.5066/P147QTEGPublication2025Publication dateThis reportSource contributed to the generation of this mapDanilchik, W.1979https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79927Publication1979Publication dateDanilchik, 1979bSource contributed to the generation of this mapJohnson, R.B.1969https://doi.org/10.3133/i558Publication1969Publication dateJohnson, 1969Source contributed to the generation of this mapRuleman, C.A., Machette, M.N., Thompson, R.A., Miggins, D.P., Goehring, B.M., and Paces, J.B.2016https://doi.org/10.1130/2016.0044(13)Publication2016Publication dateRuleman and others, 2016Source contributed to the generation of this mapBrandt, T.R.2011https://doi.org/10.3133/i1907Publication2011Publication dateBrandt, 2011Source contributed to the generation of this mapFridrich, C.J., and Kirkham, R.M.2008https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071428Publication2008Publication dateFridrich and Kirkham, 2008Source contributed to the generation of this mapNew Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources2003https://doi.org/10.58799/116894Publication2003Publication dateNMBGMR, 2003Source contributed to the generation of this mapPillmore, C.L.1966https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr66104Publication1966Publication datePillmore, 1966Source contributed to the generation of this mapFridrich, C.J., Shroba, R.R., and Hudson, A.M.2012https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121041Publication2012Publication dateFridrich and others, 2012Source contributed to the generation of this mapDanilchik, W.1979https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79377Publication1979Publication dateDanilchik, 1979aSource contributed to the generation of this mapThompson, R.A., Turner, K.J., Shroba, R.R., Cosca, M.A., Ruleman, C.A., Lee, J.P., and Brandt, T.R.2014https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3284Publication2014Publication dateThompson and others, 2014bSource contributed to the generation of this mapScott, G.R., and Pillmore, C.L.1993https://doi.org/10.3133/i2266Publication1993Publication dateScott and Pillmore, 1993Source contributed to the generation of this mapBauer, P.W., Kelson, K.I., and Aby, S.2005https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-62Publication2005Publication dateBauer and others, 2005bSource contributed to the generation of this mapFridrich, C.J., Shroba, R.R., Pillmore, C.L., and Hudson, A.M.2009https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091189Publication2009Publication dateFridrich and others, 2009Source contributed to the generation of this mapSkotnicki, S.J., and Ferguson, C.A.2006https://doi.org/10.58799/OF-GM-122Publication2006Publication dateSkotnicki and Ferguson, 2006Source contributed to the generation of this mapMetadata and associated files were created and reviewed2025Peer review comments were reconciled. This included compilation of USGS Quaternary Fault and Fold Database entries and additional new mapping, where geologic and geomorphic relationships were clearly defined in imagery analyses and based on adjacent previously published mapping. This dataset was incorporated following the methods outlined in process step 1.2025Database was submitted to the USGS Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center (GMEGSC) in Flagstaff, Arizona and the USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (GECSC) in Denver, Coloradofor peer review. GMEGSC review was conducted by Ryan Crow of the U.S. Geological Survey. Second peer review by GECSC was conducted by Nolan Barrette of the U.S. Geological Survey.2024Database was checked internally for consistency and accuracy of attributes and features.2023Surficial geology is mostly compiled from published geologic map data ranging from 1:24,000 to 1:250,000 scale, with limited new interpretive contributions based on inspection of remotely sensed data or field observations. This mapping included substantial incorporation of published GIS geodatabases, which were re-attributed to be consistent with the schema of this product. Gaps in map compilation are related to a lack of published geologic mapping at the time of compilation, and not necessarily to a lack of surficial deposits. Much of the geology incorporated from published geologic maps is adjusted based on digital elevation model (DEM) and natural-color image data sources to improve spatial resolution of the data. Spatial adjustments and new interpretations also eliminate mismatches at source map boundaries. The detail of compiled geologic mapping varies from about 1:50,000- to 1:125,000-scale depending on the scale of published geologic maps available at the time of compilation, and for new mapping, the resolution of geologic features on available basemap data. But the primary target scale for compilation is 1:100,000. Basemap data used to compile the surficial geology include USGS topographic data, natural color imagery, and DEMs that vary from 5-m-pixel resolution to 1-m- pixel resolution lidar data acquired by the USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP). Geologic map data were compiled using the Seamless Integrated Geologic Mapping (SIGMa) extension (Turner and others, 2022) to the Geologic Map Schema (GeMS) format (USGS, 2020). Surficial map units are organized into first order geologic provinces based on the physiographic provinces of Fenneman (1928), which reflect the major geomorphological setting affecting depositional processes. Second order geologic provinces are physiographic sections of Fenneman (1928) if present. Third and fourth order geologic provinces are defined by deposit type. Map units within deposit types are described by geologic province; therefore, map unit descriptions could include some details that pertain to deposits outside of the quadrangle boundary. Data sources for linework and feature-level attributes are recorded in the DataSourceID field, which links to the DataSources_ID field in the DataSources non-spatial table. The DataSources non-spatial table provides reference information for the data sources cited. The DataSourceID field forms a compound attribute with the compilation method recorded in the MethodID field, which links to the Methods_ID field in the Methods non-spatial table. The Methods non-spatial table provides a general description of the decision-making processes involved in compiling geologic information into the interpretative geologic map data by indicating how data are incorporated from original sources or the approach used to generate new geologic mapping. Geologic features derived from published sources are typically modified to be consistent with high-resolution basemap data or to eliminate edge-matching issues. For example, contacts and faults are adjusted based on comparison with 1-m-resolution lidar data or natural-color imagery to improve the spatial accuracy of the data; this level of adjustment would be attributed with a MET1 if adjustments are small, or a MET4 if significant spatial changes are made. Geologic features incorporated from published geodatabases of appropriate scale were attributed with MET2 if they were incorporated with no spatial change. Generally, spatial adjustments related to imagery and lidar eliminate mismatches across published geologic map boundaries, but occasionally additional reinterpretation or more detailed mapping is required. In areas of significant reinterpretation or where new geologic mapping is contributed, interpretations are based on field observations (MET5) or based on inspection of basemap data (MET6). In these cases, the DataSourceID field is populated with ‘ThisReport’. ‘ThisReport’ is also added in the DataSourceID field where we have made significant spatial changes (for example, MET4). Compilation and limited new mapping were conducted based on published map sources and basemap data.2021VectorAlbers Conical Equal Area29.545.5-96.023.00.00.0coordinate pair0.60960.6096metersNorth_American_Datum_1983GRS 19806378137.0298.257222101GeologicMapGeologicMap is a feature dataset equivalent to the map graphic in a paper report: it contains all the geologic content (but not the base map) within the neatline.GeMSContributorsNon-spatial table were individuals and organizations that contributed to the creation of the map are recorded.ThisReportOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainNameName of entity. Identifies entity within its hierarchical context.GeMSList of names can be found in respective data table.RegistryIdentifierRegistry identifier for the individual or organization.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainRegistryTypeType of registry identifier for the individual or organization.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainRegistryURLUniversal Resource Locator (URL) or Document Object Identifier (DOI), identifies a document on the World Wide Web.GeMSThe URL for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.Contributors_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.DatabaseReleaseVersionsNon-spatial table used to track versions and version changes of the database.ThisReportOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainVersionNumberVersion number of database release.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainReleaseDescriptionDescription of changes to the database from previous version. May indicate new areas that were included in the database and may highlight areas of previously released mapping that have been changed.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainReleaseDateVersion release date.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainReviewDateDate technical review of database was completed.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainReviewerIDIdentifies reviewer or reviewers that conducted the technical review of the database.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainVersionURLURL where database can be downloaded.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainDatabaseReleaseVersions_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.DataSourcesListThe DataSourcesList table is a summary of all unique combinations of source foreign-key values (keys and composite keys) used throughout the database; multiple one-to-many relationships are maintained between feature classes (and tables) and the DataSourcesList table based on the xxxSourceID fields.ThisReportOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainSourceListList of each data sources used in database. This field is used to relate datasources in feature classes and tables to the DataSources table.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainDataSourcesList_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.GeoMaterialDictNon-spatial table that provides values of GeoMaterial, placed in a hierarchy, and their definitions. For further information, see Appendix A in GeMS documentation, available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS.GeMSOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainHierarchyKeyString that records hierarchical structure. Has form nn-nn-nn, nnn-nnn, or similar. Numeric, left-padded with zeros, dash-delimited. Each HierarchyKey fragment of each row MUST be the same length to allow text-based sorting of table entries.GeMSHierarchy values are unique to each map.GeoMaterialRock, materials, or composition of materials that compose the map unit.ThisReportList of material types can be found in the corresponding data table.IndentedNameName with addition of leading spaces to help show rank within a hierarchical list.GeMSIndented names can be found in the GeoMaterialsDict data table.DefinitionPlain-language definition.GeMSDefinitions can be found in associated data table.DataSourcesNon-spatial table of sources of all spatial features, sources of some attributes of spatial features, and sources of some attributes of non-spatial table entries.GeMSOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainOriginatorsAuthor(s) or authoring agency or group.ThisReportList of data source originators can be found in the DataSources data table.PublicationDateYear of publication or year website was accessed.ThisReportPublication dates for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.TitleTitle of publication or web resource.ThisReportPublication Titles for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.SeriesNameName of the publication series. May include periodical name, book series, or website name.ThisReportPublication series names for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.IssueIdentificationIdentifies the issue of the series publication. May include volume or number within a volume.ThisReportPublication issue identification for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.PublicationPlaceThe city and State (or country) where the data source was published. Generally used for books and academic theses or dissertation contributions.ThisReportPublication place for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.PublisherName of publisher. Generally used for books and academic theses or dissertations.ThisReportPublishers for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.SourceScaleDenominatorScale of map if map data is part of data source. Multiple scales can be concatenated using the pipe (|) character, in cases where data sources include map data at multiple scales.ThisReportSource scale denominators for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.OtherCitationDetailsFree-text field to include additional information identifying the data source; for example, pages within a periodical or number of plates.ThisReportOther citation details for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.AccessedDateDate publication was originally accessed.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainSourcePlain-text short description that identifies the data source.GeMSThe source for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.NotesAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry.GeMSAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. Can be found in the individual data dictionaries.URLUniversal Resource Locator (URL) or Document Object Identifier (DOI), identifies a document on the World Wide Web.GeMSThe URL for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.NGMDBProdURLUniversal Resource Locator (URL), identifies a product in the National Geologic Map Database.ThisReportThe NGMDBProdURL for individual data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.DataSources_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.DescriptionOfMapUnitsNon-spatial table that captures content of the Description of Map Units (or equivalent List of Map Units and associated pamphlet text) included in a traditional paper geologic map. Has an internal hierarchy expressed by attribute HierarchyKeyGeMSOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainHierarchyKeyString that records hierarchical structure. Has form nn-nn-nn, nnn-nnn, or similar. Numeric, left-padded with zeros, dash-delimited. Each HierarchyKey fragment of each row MUST be the same length to allow text-based sorting of table entries.GeMSHierarchy values are unique to each map.MapUnitPrimary keyThisReportList of map units can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.UnitCodeEasily readable, meaningful plain-text identifier (no special characters) for the map-unit label. Null values permitted for map units that do not correspond to mapped features. For example, a group that is only mapped as its constituent formations.ThisReportList of unit codes can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.LabelPlain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol).GeMSList of labels can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.NameName of entity. Identifies entity within its hierarchical context.GeMSList of names can be found in respective data table.FullNameName of entity including identification of containing higher rank entity or entities if necessary.GeMSList of full names can be found in respective data table.AgeAge of entity as shown in Description of Map Units. Examples of values are "late Holocene", "Pliocene and Miocene", "Lower Cretaceous".GeMSMore information regarding chronostratigraphic terms used in this map can be found in the TimeTable data table.SymbolReference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault.GeMSSymbol types and definitions can be found in the Glossary data table.DepositGeneralGeneral characterization of dominant rock lithology or predominant process-oriented type of surficial deposit.ThisReportArbitrary string.MaterialRock, materials, or composition of materials that compose the map unit.ThisReportList of material types can be found in the corresponding data table.GeneticTypeThe process, environment, or protolith associated with deposition or emplacement of the map unit.ThisReportList of genetic types can be found in the corresponding data table.AgeMinMinimum age of the map unit. Can include chronostratigraphic (for example, Upper Cretaceous), geochronologic (for example, Late Cretaceous), or stage terms.ThisReportMore information regarding chronostratigraphic terms used in this map can be found in the TimeTable data table.AgeMaxMaximum age of the map unit. Can include chronostratigraphic (for example, Upper Cretaceous), geochronologic (for example, Late Cretaceous), or stage terms.ThisReportMore information regarding chronostratigraphic terms used in this map can be found in the TimeTable data table.DescriptionFree-format text description of entity. Commonly structured according to one or more accepted traditions (e.g., lithology, thickness, color, weathering and outcrop characteristics, distinguishing features, genesis, age constraints) and terse.GeMSDescriptions can be found in the corresponding data table.GeoMaterialRock, materials, or composition of materials that compose the map unit.ThisReportList of material types can be found in the corresponding data table.GeoMaterialConfidenceDescribes appropriateness of GeoMaterial term for describing the map unit.GeMShighThe term and definition adequately characterize the overall lithologic nature of rocks and sediments in the map unit. Regarding the subjective term "adequately characterize", we refer to context and objectives of this classification as described in the GeMS documentation.GeMS documentationParagraphStyleToken that identifies formatting of paragraph(s) within traditional Description of Map Units that correspond to this table entry.GeMSDMU Unit 1First order map unit.USGS, 2006AreaFillPatternDescriptionText description (e.g., "random small red dashes") provided as a convenience for users who must recreate symbolization.GeMSField is not used for this publication.AreaFillRGB{Red, Green, Blue} tuples that specify the suggested color (e.g., "255,255,255", "124,005,255") of area fill for symbolizing MapUnit. Each color value is an integer between 0 and 255, values are zero-padded to a length of 3 digits, and values are separated by commas with no space: NNN,NNN,NNN.GeMSUnrepresentable domainDescriptionSourceIDSource of description; foreign key to table Datasources.GeMSList of data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.GeologicProvinceIDPrimary key for geologic province table.ThisReportList of provinces can be found in the GeologicProvinces data table.DescriptionOfMapUnits_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.ConstituentUnitsIDForeign key field identifying constituent map units of a combined map unit when constituent map units exist as unique rows in the DescriptionOfMapUnits non-spatial table. Foreign key references the DescriptionOfMapUnits_ID as the primary key because GeMS requires the MapUnit field to be Null for map units that don’t appear in the map as individual units.ThisReportList of map units can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.DatabaseVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field is applied to the entire database to reflect the most current release of the database.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.LastUpdateVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field refers to the database version in which feature or table record was last modified.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.TrackChangeIdentifies type of change made to a feature in the most recent version. Attributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.ThisReportAttributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.GeologicProvincesNon-spatial table of geologic provinces. Map units in the ThisReport extension to GeMS are organized on the basis of their genetic relation to definable geologic events, processes, or settings, referred to as geologic provinces.ThisReportOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainHierarchyKeyString that records hierarchical structure. Has form nn-nn-nn, nnn-nnn, or similar. Numeric, left-padded with zeros, dash-delimited. Each HierarchyKey fragment of each row MUST be the same length to allow text-based sorting of table entries.GeMSHierarchy values are unique to each map.NameName of entity. Identifies entity within its hierarchical context.GeMSList of names can be found in respective data table.FullNameName of entity including identification of containing higher rank entity or entities if necessary.GeMSList of full names can be found in respective data table.SymbolReference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault.GeMSSymbol types and definitions can be found in the Glossary data table.ProvinceRankThe ranks of Geologic Time shows the major chronostratigraphic (position) and geochronologic (time) units; that is, eonothem/eon to series/epoch divisions.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainProvinceTypeIndicates either the prominent depositional, magmatic, or tectonic setting or the dominant process by which map units within the province are derived.ThisReportList of province types can be found in the GeologicProvinces data table.DepositGeneralGeneral characterization of dominant rock lithology or predominant process-oriented type of surficial deposit.ThisReportArbitrary string.AgeAge of entity as shown in Description of Map Units. Examples of values are "late Holocene", "Pliocene and Miocene", "Lower Cretaceous".GeMSMore information regarding chronostratigraphic terms used in this map can be found in the TimeTable data table.DescriptionFree-format text description of entity. Commonly structured according to one or more accepted traditions (e.g., lithology, thickness, color, weathering and outcrop characteristics, distinguishing features, genesis, age constraints) and terse.GeMSDescriptions can be found in the corresponding data table.DescriptionSourceIDSource of description; foreign key to table Datasources.GeMSList of data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.GeologicProvinces_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.ContributorIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributors can be found in the Contributors data table.ContributorOrgIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributor organizations can be found in the Contributors data table.DatabaseVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field is applied to the entire database to reflect the most current release of the database.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.LastUpdateVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field refers to the database version in which feature or table record was last modified.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.TrackChangeIdentifies type of change made to a feature in the most recent version. Attributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.ThisReportAttributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.GlossaryNon-spatial table that, for certain fields (including all Type fields, Confidence fields, and GeneralLithology), lists the terms that populate these fields, term definitions, and sources for definitions.GeMSOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainTermPlain-language word for a concept. Values must be unique within database as a whole.GeMSFeature terms and definitions can be found in the Glossary data table.DefinitionPlain-language definition.GeMSDefinitions can be found in associated data table.DefinitionSourceIDSource of definition; foreign key to DataSources.GeMSThe list of definition sources can be found in the DataSources data table.Glossary_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.ContributorIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributors can be found in the Contributors data table.ContributorOrgIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributor organizations can be found in the Contributors data table.DatabaseVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field is applied to the entire database to reflect the most current release of the database.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.LastUpdateVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field refers to the database version in which feature or table record was last modified.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.MethodsNon-spatial table of methods used during map compilation.ThisReportOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainMethodShort, easily understood statement of method used during compilation.ThisReportList of methods can be found in the Methods data table.NotesAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry.GeMSAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. Can be found in the individual data dictionaries.Methods_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.DatabaseVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field is applied to the entire database to reflect the most current release of the database.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.LastUpdateVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field refers to the database version in which feature or table record was last modified.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.TrackChangeIdentifies type of change made to a feature in the most recent version. Attributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.ThisReportAttributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.TimeScaleNon-spatial table used to define the temporal framework of the database.ThisReportOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainHierarchyKeyString that records hierarchical structure. Has form nn-nn-nn, nnn-nnn, or similar. Numeric, left-padded with zeros, dash-delimited. Each HierarchyKey fragment of each row MUST be the same length to allow text-based sorting of table entries.GeMSHierarchy values are unique to each map.NameName of entity. Identifies entity within its hierarchical context.GeMSList of names can be found in respective data table.FullNameName of entity including identification of containing higher rank entity or entities if necessary.GeMSList of full names can be found in respective data table.RankThe ranks of Geologic Time shows the major chronostratigraphic (position) and geochronologic (time) units; that is, eonothem/eon to series/epoch divisions.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainNumericAgeMinMinimum numerical age determined for the minimum age unit boundary.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainNumericAgeMin_ErrorAnalytical error reported for the minimum age unit boundary.ThisReportValues of NumericAgeMin_Error can be found in the TimeTable data table.NumericAgeMaxMaximum numerical age determined for the maximum age unit boundary.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainNumericAgeMax_ErrorAnalytical error reported for the maximum age unit boundary.ThisReportValues of NumericAgeMax_Error can be found in the TimeTable data table.NumericAgeUnitsUnit of measure for numerical ages and errors; for example, “Ma” or “ka.”ThisReportArbitrary stingNotesAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry.GeMSAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. Can be found in the individual data dictionaries.AgeLabelCharacter(s) used to represent ages in map-unit labels throughout the database; for example, K (for Cretaceous) in the UnitCode field.ThisReportUnrepresentable domainDataSourceIDSource of data; foreign key to table DataSources.GeMSList of data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.TimeScale_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.ContributorIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributors can be found in the Contributors data table.ContributorOrgIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributor organizations can be found in the Contributors data table.DatabaseVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field is applied to the entire database to reflect the most current release of the database.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.LastUpdateVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field refers to the database version in which feature or table record was last modified.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.TrackChangeIdentifies type of change made to a feature in the most recent version. Attributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.ThisReportAttributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.RepurposedSymbolsNon-spatial table that identifies symbols from the FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization (FGDC-STD-013-2006) that are "repurposed" for this map.GeMSOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainFgdcIdentifierIdentifier for symbol from FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization.GeMSUnrepresentable domainOldExplanationExplanatory text from FGDC standard for meaning of symbolGeMSUnrepresentable domainNewExplanationExplanation of usage of symbol in this map portrayalGeMSUnrepresentable domainRepurposedSymbols_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.ContactsAndFaultsContacts between map units, faults that bound map units, and associated dangling faults. Includes concealed faults and contacts, waterlines, snowfield and glacier boundaries, and map boundary. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset.GeMSOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainShapeInternal geometry objectESRIUnrepresentable domainTypeClassifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date.GeMSFeature types and definitions can be found in the Glossary data table.IsConcealedFlag for contacts and faults covered by overlying map unit.GeMSn: the line is not concealed by overlying map unit, y: the line is concealed by overlying map unitLocationConfidenceMetersEstimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database.GeMSPositive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -9999 indicates value is unknown.ExistenceConfidenceConfidence that feature exists.GeMSquestionableIdentity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault."USGS, 2006unspecifiedUsed when confidence values are not specified in source data.This reportcertainIdentity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation.USGS, 2006IdentityConfidenceConfidence that feature is correctly identified.GeMSquestionableIdentity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault."USGS, 2006unspecifiedUsed when confidence values are not specified in source data.This reportcertainIdentity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation.USGS, 2006LabelPlain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol).GeMSList of labels can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.MethodIDForeign key to Methods table.ThisReportList of Method id's can be found in the Methods data table.SymbolReference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault.GeMSSymbol types and definitions can be found in the Glossary data table.RelativeVerticalDisplacementFor faults with a dip-slip component of displacement, describes which side of the fault is displaced up relative to the other. Attribute as one of 8 cardinal directions that most closely corresponds to the upthrown side of the fault.ThisReportOne of 8 cardinal directions.DataSourceIDSource of data; foreign key to table DataSources.GeMSList of data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.NotesAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry.GeMSAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. Can be found in the individual data dictionaries.ContactsAndFaults_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.ContributorIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributors can be found in the Contributors data table.ContributorOrgIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributor organizations can be found in the Contributors data table.DatabaseVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field is applied to the entire database to reflect the most current release of the database.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.LastUpdateVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field refers to the database version in which feature or table record was last modified.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.TrackChangeIdentifies type of change made to a feature in the most recent version. Attributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.ThisReportAttributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.Shape_LengthInternal feature length, doubleESRIUnrepresentable domainMapUnitPolysPolygons that record distribution of map units (including water, snowfields, glaciers, and unmapped area) on the particular map horizon. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset.GeMSOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainShapeInternal geometry objectESRIUnrepresentable domainMapUnitPrimary keyThisReportList of map units can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.UnitCodeEasily readable, meaningful plain-text identifier (no special characters) for the map-unit label. Null values permitted for map units that do not correspond to mapped features. For example, a group that is only mapped as its constituent formations.ThisReportList of unit codes can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.FullNameName of entity including identification of containing higher rank entity or entities if necessary.GeMSList of full names can be found in respective data table.IdentityConfidenceConfidence that feature is correctly identified.GeMSquestionableIdentity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault."USGS, 2006certainIdentity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation.USGS, 2006LabelPlain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol).GeMSList of labels can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.SymbolReference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault.GeMSSymbol types and definitions can be found in the Glossary data table.DataSourceIDSource of data; foreign key to table DataSources.GeMSList of data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.NotesAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry.GeMSAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. Can be found in the individual data dictionaries.DepositGeneralGeneral characterization of dominant rock lithology or predominant process-oriented type of surficial deposit.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalMaterial1The most dominant material within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalMaterial2The second most dominant material within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalMaterial3The third most dominant material within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalGeneticType1The most dominant genetic type within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalGeneticType2The second most dominant genetic type within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalGeneticType3The third most dominant genetic type within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalThicknessDescription of thickness for the feature, provided by the data source.ThisReportFree text.LocalLandformIdentification of Local landform if one is prominant.ThisReportFree text.LocalAgeMinMinimum age of the map unit. Can include chronostratigraphic (for example, Upper Cretaceous), geochronologic (for example, Late Cretaceous), or stage terms.ThisReportMore information regarding chronostratigraphic terms used in this map can be found in the TimeTable data table.LocalAgeMaxMaximum age of the map unit. Can include chronostratigraphic (for example, Upper Cretaceous), geochronologic (for example, Late Cretaceous), or stage terms.ThisReportMore information regarding chronostratigraphic terms used in this map can be found in the TimeTable data table.LocalStratNameName as used on original sources cited in the DataSourceID fieldThisReportFree Text.OrigMapUnitCharacter identifier that represents a map-unit label as used on original sources cited in the DataSourceID fieldThisReportArbitrary stingMethodIDForeign key to Methods table.ThisReportList of Method id's can be found in the Methods data table.MapUnitPolys_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.ContributorIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributors can be found in the Contributors data table.ContributorOrgIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributor organizations can be found in the Contributors data table.DatabaseVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field is applied to the entire database to reflect the most current release of the database.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.LastUpdateVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field refers to the database version in which feature or table record was last modified.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.TrackChangeIdentifies type of change made to a feature in the most recent version. Attributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.ThisReportAttributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.Shape_LengthInternal feature length, doubleESRIUnrepresentable domainShape_AreaInternal feature area, doubleESRIUnrepresentable domainMapUnitLabelsFeature class showing point representations of map unit polygons.ThisReportOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainShapeInternal geometry objectESRIUnrepresentable domainMapUnitPrimary keyThisReportList of map units can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.UnitCodeEasily readable, meaningful plain-text identifier (no special characters) for the map-unit label. Null values permitted for map units that do not correspond to mapped features. For example, a group that is only mapped as its constituent formations.ThisReportList of unit codes can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.FullNameName of entity including identification of containing higher rank entity or entities if necessary.GeMSList of full names can be found in respective data table.IdentityConfidenceConfidence that feature is correctly identified.GeMSquestionableIdentity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault."USGS, 2006certainIdentity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation.USGS, 2006LabelPlain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol).GeMSList of labels can be found in the DescriptionofMapUnits data table.SymbolReference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault.GeMSSymbol types and definitions can be found in the Glossary data table.DataSourceIDSource of data; foreign key to table DataSources.GeMSList of data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.NotesAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry.GeMSAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. Can be found in the individual data dictionaries.DepositGeneralGeneral characterization of dominant rock lithology or predominant process-oriented type of surficial deposit.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalMaterial1The most dominant material within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalMaterial2The second most dominant material within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalMaterial3The third most dominant material within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalGeneticType1The most dominant genetic type within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalGeneticType2The second most dominant genetic type within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalGeneticType3The third most dominant genetic type within the individual feature.ThisReportArbitrary string.LocalThicknessDescription of thickness for the feature, provided by the data source.ThisReportFree text.LocalLandformIdentification of Local landform if one is prominant.ThisReportFree text.LocalAgeMinMinimum age of the map unit. Can include chronostratigraphic (for example, Upper Cretaceous), geochronologic (for example, Late Cretaceous), or stage terms.ThisReportMore information regarding chronostratigraphic terms used in this map can be found in the TimeTable data table.LocalAgeMaxMaximum age of the map unit. Can include chronostratigraphic (for example, Upper Cretaceous), geochronologic (for example, Late Cretaceous), or stage terms.ThisReportMore information regarding chronostratigraphic terms used in this map can be found in the TimeTable data table.LocalStratNameName as used on original sources cited in the DataSourceID fieldThisReportFree Text.OrigMapUnitCharacter identifier that represents a map-unit label as used on original sources cited in the DataSourceID fieldThisReportArbitrary stingMethodIDForeign key to Methods table.ThisReportList of Method id's can be found in the Methods data table.MapUnitLabels_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.ContributorIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributors can be found in the Contributors data table.ContributorOrgIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributor organizations can be found in the Contributors data table.DatabaseVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field is applied to the entire database to reflect the most current release of the database.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.LastUpdateVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field refers to the database version in which feature or table record was last modified.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.TrackChangeIdentifies type of change made to a feature in the most recent version. Attributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.ThisReportAttributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.GeologicProvincePolysA polygon feature class which displays the spatial extent of the geologic provinces in this map area.ThisReportOBJECTIDInternal feature numberESRIUnrepresentable domainShapeInternal geometry objectESRIUnrepresentable domainNameName of entity. Identifies entity within its hierarchical context.GeMSList of names can be found in respective data table.FullNameName of entity including identification of containing higher rank entity or entities if necessary.GeMSList of full names can be found in respective data table.MethodIDForeign key to Methods table.ThisReportList of Method id's can be found in the Methods data table.NotesAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry.GeMSAdditional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. Can be found in the individual data dictionaries.GeologicProvinceIDPrimary key for geologic province table.ThisReportList of provinces can be found in the GeologicProvinces data table.DataSourceIDSource of data; foreign key to table DataSources.GeMSList of data sources can be found in the DataSources data table.GeologicProvincePolys_IDPrimary key.GeMSArbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database.ContributorIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributors can be found in the Contributors data table.ContributorOrgIDIdentifies individual contributors to the map database. Foreign key to the Contributors tableThisReportList of contributor organizations can be found in the Contributors data table.DatabaseVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field is applied to the entire database to reflect the most current release of the database.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.LastUpdateVersionIDForeign key to the DatabaseReleaseVersions table. Foreign key in this field refers to the database version in which feature or table record was last modified.ThisReportList of database versions can be found in the DatabaseReleaseVersions data table.TrackChangeIdentifies type of change made to a feature in the most recent version. Attributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.ThisReportAttributes include New features or records were added, and Attribution changes were made, for spatial features attributes also include Geometry changes were made.Shape_LengthInternal feature length, doubleESRIUnrepresentable domainShape_AreaInternal feature area, doubleESRIUnrepresentable domainU.S. Geological Survey - National Geologic Map Databasemailing address

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

RestonVA20192(703) 648-5953ngmdb@usgs.govAny use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not implyendorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Although this information product, for the most part, is inthe public domain, it also contains copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproducecopyrighted items for other than personal use must be secured from the copyright owner. This databasehas been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database hasbeen subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neitherthe USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from itsauthorized or unauthorized use. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computersystem at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the displayor utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.Digital Datahttps://doi.org/10.5066/P147QTEGNone20250815Chester A. RulemanU.S. Geological SurveyResearch GeologistMailing Address

Denver Federal Center, MS 980 (Building 25)

DenverCO80225303-236-7804cruleman@usgs.govFGDCFGDC-STD-001-1998