Nolan C. Barrette, ORCID: 0000-0002-0499-6744 Samuel A. Johnstone, ORCID: 0000-0002-3945-2499 Juan-Marcel Campos, ORCID: 0000-0001-7811-8920 Joseph P. Colgan, ORCID: 0000-0001-6671-1436 Warren P. Roe, ORCID: 0000-0001-9667-1906 2025 vector digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P16SJAC6 Samuel A. Johnstone, ORCID: 0000-0002-3945-2499 Joseph P. Colgan, ORCID: 0000-0001-6671-1436 Warren P. Roe, ORCID: 0000-0001-9667-1906 20250601 1.0 publication U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1210 https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1210 The USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP) was directed by Congress to create a new geologic map of the United States” by “bring[ing] together detailed national and continental-resolution 2D and 3D information produced throughout the Survey and by federal and state partners” (House Report 116-100). To fulfill this goal, the NCGMP created a map synthesis engine (Johnstone and others, 2025) based on the Geologic Map Schema (GeMS) standard (NCGMP, 2020) and used it to bring together source geologic maps originally published by the USGS and State Geological Surveys. This thematic map layer was derived from this database using procedures described by Johnstone and others (2025) and is intended to serve as a legible national map of the nation; while it retains full descriptions of geologic units from source materials it does not include the full search functionality (described in Johnstone and others, 2025) that is facilitated by a true relational database. The Quaternary Geology layer depicts Quaternary geologic units exposed at the earth’s surface over the entire conterminous United States, inclusive of everything from glacial deposits to lava flows. This includes all units that may, or are known to, span the Quaternary – Neogene boundary. Where present, units older than Quaternary and map units that are primarily colluvium and/or residuum are categorized as generalized rock and regolith units. In the glaciated regions of the Midwest and Northeast, the map is a composite of 8 state geologic maps depicting Quaternary deposits. In the West and parts of the Southeast, the map is a composite of Quaternary units from 19 state geologic maps depicting geology at the earth’s surface. The remaining area is populated from 18 regional Quaternary geologic maps produced as part of the USGS Quaternary Atlas series. The map is structured as a single GeMS database with three additional tables (also described in Johnstone and others, 2025); a Source_DescriptionOfMapunits table preserves all source inputs, a synthesis_to_source_units table relates aggregated national units to original map units, and a Symbol_Lookup table provides definitions of all FGDC geologic map symbol code values (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006) used for stylizing the map. Where contacts seperated two different units on a source map, but not seperate polygons of the same national synthesis unit, those contacts have been reclassified as "internal contacts." This data provides a consistent depiction of the geology of the conterminous United States at a national resolution (approximately 1:500,000). It is a compilation of previously published maps. Original maps have not been modified, but additional attribution allows them to be displayed as a more consistent national depiction, while still retaining original unit descriptions. In some instances, only portions of a map have been used to isolate certain thematic features (e.g., Quaternary units). ngs_gems_quaternary is a composite geodataset that conforms to GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--a standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps", available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS/. Metadata records associated with each element within the geodataset contain more detailed descriptions of their purposes, constituent entities, and attributes.). An OPEN shapefile versions of the dataset is also available. It consists of shapefiles, DBF files, and delimited text files and retains all information in the native geodatabase, but some programming will likely be necessary to assemble these components into usable formats. These metadata were prepared with the aid of script GeMS_FGDCMetadata.py, version of 2/27/24. 1978 2023 publication date Complete As needed -128.8229 -65.2549 51.6279 22.5573 Conterminous United States USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:d821e9ab-5eb4-4f2f-bc71-381765db0316 None Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. U.S. Geological Survey NGMDB mailing

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS 908

Reston VA 20192 NA ngmdb@usgs.gov Confidence that a feature exists and confidence that a feature is correctly identified are described in per-feature attributes ExistenceConfidence and IdentityConfidence. Data were produced in a relational database with numerous embedded referential integrity and value range checks. Exported data was evaluated for GeMS compliance. Individual entries are considered complete within this data set. Estimated accuracy of horizontal location is given on a per-feature basis by attribute LocationConfidenceMeters. Values are expected to be correct within a factor of 2. A LocationConfidenceMeters value of -9 or -9999 indicates that no value has been assigned. This synthesis of geology was produced by bringing together component geologic maps produced in the Geologic Map Schema (GeMS) into a map synthesis engine as described by: Johnstone, S.A., Colgan, J.P., and Roe, W.P., 2025, A synthesis engine for constructing geologic maps of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 2025-1210, https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1210 2025 Vector Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 DescriptionOfMapUnits Non-spatial table that captures content of the Description of Map Units (or equivalent List of Map Units and associated pamphlet text) included in a traditional paper geologic map. Has an internal hierarchy expressed by attribute HierarchyKey GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS Qe Eolian sediment This Report Qly Younger lacustrine sediment This Report Qv Quaternary volcanic rocks This Report Qel Loess This Report Qes Dune sand This Report QTcz Coastal zone sediment This Report Qpm Peat and muck This Report Qls Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment This Report QTv Volcanic rocks This Report Qg Glacial till, undifferentiated This Report Qczy Younger coastal zone sediment This Report QTm Marine sediment This Report Qm Marine sediment This Report water Water and ice This Report Qmy Younger marine sediment This Report Qay Young alluvial sediment This Report Qcz Coastal zone sediment This Report Qs Clastic sediments, undifferentiated This Report af Artificial fill This Report unmapped Unmapped area This Report Qai Intermediate alluvial sediment This Report Qp Playa sediment This Report Rim Pre-Quaternary igneous and metamorphic rocks This Report Qgo Older glacial till This Report Ru Residual materials and pre-Quaternary rocks and sediments This Report Qico Older ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment This Report Qa Alluvial sediment, undifferentiated This Report QTa Alluvial sediment This Report Qcsr Quaternary chemical sedimentary rocks This Report Qic Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment, undiferentiated This Report QTs Sedimentary rocks, undifferentiated This Report Ql Lacustrine sediment This Report Qao Old alluvial sediment This Report Name Name of map unit, as shown in boldface in traditional DMU, e.g., "Shnabkaib Member". Identifies unit within its hierarchical context. GeMS Unrepresentable domain FullName Name of map unit including identification of containing higher rank unit(s), e.g., "Shnabkaib Member of Moenkopi Formation". GeMS Unrepresentable domain Age Age of map unit as shown in Description of Map Units. Examples of values are "late Holocene", "Pliocene and Miocene", "Lower Cretaceous". GeMS Unrepresentable domain Description Free-format text description of map unit. Commonly structured according to one or more accepted traditions (e.g., lithology, thickness, color, weathering and outcrop characteristics, distinguishing features, genesis, age constraints) and terse. GeMS Unrepresentable domain HierarchyKey String that records hierarchical structure. Has form nn-nn-nn, nnn-nnn, or similar. Numeric, left-padded with zeros, dash-delimited. Each HierarchyKey fragment of each row MUST be the same length to allow text-based sorting of table entries. GeMS Unrepresentable domain ParagraphStyle Token that identifies formatting of paragraph(s) within traditional Description of Map Units that correspond to this table entry. GeMS DMUUnit3 Paragraph style for description of a second-order map unit within Description of Map Units table. Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, left justified, 66 pt left indent, 0 pt 1st line indent, 9 pt space before USGS Science Publishing Network DMUUnit2 Paragraph style for description of a second-order map unit within Description of Map Units table. Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, left justified, 66 pt left indent, -10 pt 1st line indent, 3 pt space before USGS Science Publishing Network DMUHeading2 Heading style for second-order headings within Description of Map Units table. Such headings are subsidiary to the primary heading "Description of Map Units". Times New Roman, bold, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, all caps, centered, 12 pt space before. USGS Science Publishing Network DMUUnit1 Paragraph style for description of a first-order map unit within Description of Map Units table. Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, left justified, 66 pt left indent, -20 pt 1st line indent, 3 pt space before. USGS Science Publishing Network Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain AreaFillRGB {Red, Green, Blue} tuples that specify the suggested color (e.g., "255,255,255", "124,005,255") of area fill for symbolizing MapUnit. Each color value is an integer between 0 and 255, values are zero-padded to a length of 3 digits, and values are separated by commas with no space: NNN,NNN,NNN. GeMS Unrepresentable domain AreaFillPatternDescription Text description (e.g., "random small red dashes") provided as a convenience for users who must recreate symbolization. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DescriptionSourceID Source of map-unit description; foreign key to table Datasources. GeMS vocab1 This Report This report GeoMaterial Categorization of map unit based on lithologic and genetic character, term selected from NGMDB standard term list defined in Appendix A of GeMS documentation, available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS.. GeMS Water or ice Water or ice GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment Mostly sand-, silt-, and gravel-sized particles or clasts derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Eolian sediment Silt- and sand-sized sediment, deposited by wind. GeMS Coastal zone sediment Mud and sand, with lesser amounts of gravel, deposited on beaches, on barrier islands, or in nearshore-marine, deltaic, or various low-energy shoreline (mud flat, tidal flat, sabka, algal flat) environments. GeMS Other materials Other materials GeMS Glacial till Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. GeMS Carbonate sediment Sediment formed by biotic or abiotic precipitation from aqueous solution of carbonates of calcium, magnesium, or iron (for example, limestone, dolomite). GeMS Peat and muck Unconsolidated material, principally composed of plant remains, with lesser amounts of fine-grained clastic sediment. Deposited in water-saturated environment such as swamp, marsh, or bog. With lithification, such material becomes coal. GeMS Igneous and metamorphic rock Consists of coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock and generally medium- to high-grade metamorphic rock. GeMS Sedimentary material An aggregation of particles deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or as accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. May include unconsolidated material (sediment) and (or) sedimentary rock. Does not include sedimentary material directly deposited as a result of volcanic activity. GeMS Loess Silty sediment, deposited by wind, commonly near glacial margin. GeMS Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment Sediment formed by relatively localized, downslope transport of particles or clasts produced by weathering and breakdown of underlying rock, sediment, and (or) soil. Composed of poorly sorted and poorly stratified material that ranges in size from clay to boulders. Speed of downslope transport ranges from rapid to imperceptible. GeMS Rock and sediment Various rocks and sediment, not differentiated. GeMS Alluvial sediment Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Grain size varies from clay to gravel. GeMS Lacustrine sediment Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material that ranges in grain size from clay to gravel, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. Much of sediment is derived from material eroded and transported by streams. Includes deposits of lake-marginal beaches and deltas. GeMS Dune sand Mostly sand-sized sediment, deposited by wind. Typically characterized by various dune landforms. GeMS Marine sediment Mud and sand, deposited in various marine environments. May originate from erosion of rocks and sediment or may be derived from marine organisms (of carbonate or siliceous composition). GeMS "Made" or human-engineered land Modern, unconsolidated material known to have human-related origin. GeMS Playa sediment Fine-grained clastic sediment and evaporitic salts, deposited in ephemeral lakes in centers of undrained basins. Includes material deposited in playas, mud flats, salt flats, and adjacent saline marshes. Generally interbedded with eolian sand and with lacustrine sediment deposited during wetter climatic periods; commonly intertongues upslope with sediment deposited by alluvial fans. GeMS Igneous rock Rock and fragmental material that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma). GeMS Unmapped area Unmapped area GeMS Clastic sediment Sediment formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS GeoMaterialConfidence Describes appropriateness of GeoMaterial term for describing the map unit. GeMS High The term and definition adequately characterize the overall lithologic nature of rocks and sediments in the map unit. Regarding the subjective term "adequately characterize", we refer to context and objectives of this classification as described in the GeMS documentation. GeMS documentation Medium The term and definition generally characterize the overall lithology of the map unit, but there are one or more significant minor lithologies that are not adequately described by the selected term. GeMS documentation DescriptionOfMapUnits_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. DataSources Non-spatial table of sources of all spatial features, sources of some attributes of spatial features, and sources of some attributes of non-spatial table entries. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Source Plain-text short description that identifies the data source. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. URL Universal Resource Locator (URL) or Document Object Identifier (DOI), identifies a document on the World Wide Web. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSources_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. Glossary Non-spatial table that, for certain fields (including all Type fields, Confidence fields, and GeneralLithology), lists the terms that populate these fields, term definitions, and sources for definitions. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Term Plain-language word for a concept. Values must be unique within database as a whole. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Definition Plain-language definition. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DefinitionSourceID Source of definition; foreign key to DataSources. GeMS vocab2 Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. This report vocab10 USGS Science Publishing Network This report vocab4 Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. This report vocab3 U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--A Standard Format for the Digital Publication of Geologic Maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-B10. This report vocab1 This Report This report Glossary_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. Source_DescriptionOfMapUnits Description of map units for "source" map units, those used in primary map publications used in the compilation. Source_MapUnit values are prefixed with a MapSourceID value to differentiate identically-named source map units from different source maps. Otherwise conceptually equivalent to the GeMS "DescriptionOfMapUnits" table. This Report OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Source_MapUnit Short, easily understood ASCII-character identifier for the source map unit. Prefixed with a MapSourceID value (from Source_DescriptionOfMapUnits) to differentiate identically-named source map units from different source maps. Otherwise conceptually equivalent to the "MapUnit" field in the GeMS "DescriptionOfMapUnits" table. This Report Unrepresentable domain Name Name of map unit, as shown in boldface in traditional DMU, e.g., "Shnabkaib Member". Identifies unit within its hierarchical context. GeMS Unrepresentable domain FullName Name of map unit including identification of containing higher rank unit(s), e.g., "Shnabkaib Member of Moenkopi Formation". GeMS Unrepresentable domain Age Age of map unit as shown in Description of Map Units. Examples of values are "late Holocene", "Pliocene and Miocene", "Lower Cretaceous". GeMS Unrepresentable domain Description Free-format text description of map unit. Commonly structured according to one or more accepted traditions (e.g., lithology, thickness, color, weathering and outcrop characteristics, distinguishing features, genesis, age constraints) and terse. GeMS Unrepresentable domain HierarchyKey String that records hierarchical structure. Has form nn-nn-nn, nnn-nnn, or similar. Numeric, left-padded with zeros, dash-delimited. Each HierarchyKey fragment of each row MUST be the same length to allow text-based sorting of table entries. GeMS Unrepresentable domain ParagraphStyle Token that identifies formatting of paragraph(s) within traditional Description of Map Units that correspond to this table entry. GeMS DMUHeading2 Heading style for second-order headings within Description of Map Units table. Such headings are subsidiary to the primary heading "Description of Map Units". Times New Roman, bold, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, all caps, centered, 12 pt space before. USGS Science Publishing Network DMUHeading5 Heading style for fifth-order headings within Description of Map Units table. Times New Roman, Italic, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, centered, 6 pt space before USGS Science Publishing Network DMUHeading3 Heading style for third-order headings within Description of Map Units table. Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, all caps, centered, 10 pt space before USGS Science Publishing Network DMUUnit2 Paragraph style for description of a second-order map unit within Description of Map Units table. Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, left justified, 66 pt left indent, -10 pt 1st line indent, 3 pt space before USGS Science Publishing Network DMUUnit3 Paragraph style for description of a second-order map unit within Description of Map Units table. Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, left justified, 66 pt left indent, 0 pt 1st line indent, 9 pt space before USGS Science Publishing Network DMUUnit1 Paragraph style for description of a first-order map unit within Description of Map Units table. Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, left justified, 66 pt left indent, -20 pt 1st line indent, 3 pt space before. USGS Science Publishing Network DMUHeading4 Heading style for fourth-order headings within Description of Map Units table. Times New Roman, Regular, 10 pt, 12 pt leading, centered, 8 pt space before USGS Science Publishing Network Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain AreaFillRGB {Red, Green, Blue} tuples that specify the suggested color (e.g., "255,255,255", "124,005,255") of area fill for symbolizing MapUnit. Each color value is an integer between 0 and 255, values are zero-padded to a length of 3 digits, and values are separated by commas with no space: NNN,NNN,NNN. GeMS Unrepresentable domain AreaFillPatternDescription Text description (e.g., "random small red dashes") provided as a convenience for users who must recreate symbolization. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DescriptionSourceID Source of map-unit description; foreign key to table Datasources. GeMS 1251 Scott, T.M., Knapp, M.S., and Weide, D.L, compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Florida Keys 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NG-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2010], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ng-17/ This report 632 Berg, T.M., Edmunds, W.E., Geyer, A.R., Glover, A.D., Hoskins, D.M., MacLachlan, D.B., Root, S.I., Sevon, W.D., and Socolow, A.A. 1980, Geologic map of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Map 1, Scale 1:250,000. This report 674 Mudrey Jr., M.G., Brown, B.A., Greenberg, J.K., 1982, Bedrock Geologic Map of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Map M-078, scale 1:1,000,000. This report 1340 Fullerton, D.S., Cowan, W.R., Savon, W.D., Goldthwait, R.P., Ferrand, W.R., Muller, E.H., Bahling, R.E., and Stravers, J.A., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., and Richmond, G.M., eds.; 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-17/ This report 1035 Tweto, Ogden, 1979, Geologic map of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1289 Jackson, R.L, and Doctor, D.H., 2023, A geodatabase representing a compilation of Cadwell, D.H., and others, 1991, Surficial Geology of New York; New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets.: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KM842E This report 1306 Minnesota Geologic Survey, D-01 database of Surficial Geology Of Minnesota, https://mngs-umn.opendata.arcgis.com/apps/UMN::d-01-surficial-geology-of-minnesota/about, accessed November 1st, 2023 This report 1257 Scott, T.M., Knapp, M.S., Friddell, M.S., and Weide, D.L, compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Jacksonville 4° × 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-17/ This report 1666 Jennings, C.W., Gutierrez, C., Bryant, W., Saucedo, G., and Wills, C., 2010, Geologic Map of California: California Geological Survey Geologic Data Map GDM-2.2010 This report 871 Love, J.D., and Christiansen, A.C., 1985, Geologic map of Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1293 Combination of multiple sources: Surficial Geology Material Explanation|Jackson, R.L, and Doctor, D.H., 2023, A geodatabase representing a compilation of Cadwell, D.H., and others, 1991, Surficial Geology of New York; New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets.: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KM842E This report 838 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2003, Geologic map of New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Geologic Map, scale 1:500,000 This report 1320 Farrand, W.R., and Bell, D.L., 1982, Quaternary Geology of Northern Michigan: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Geological Survey, Geological Publication QG-01, scale 1:500,000 This report 1414 Farrand, W.R., and Bell, D.L., 1982, Quaternary Geology of Southern Michigan: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Geological Survey, Geological Publication QG-01, scale 1:500,000 This report 1065 Kansas Geological Survey, 2008, Surficial Geology of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Map M-118, scale 1:500,000 This report 1141 Gadd, N.R., Veillete, J.J., Fullerton, D.S., Wagner, P.W., and Chapman, W.F., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., ed., 1993, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Ottawa 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-18/ This report 856 Heran, W.D., Green, G.N., and Stoeser, D.B., A digital geologic map database for Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-247, scale 1:250,000. This report 1346 Borns, H.W., Gadd, N.R., LaSalle, Pierre, Martineau, Ghismond, Chauvin, Luc, Fullerton, D.S., Fulton, R.J., Chapman, W.F., Wagner, W.P., and Grant, D.R., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1987, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Quebec 4°x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-19), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-19/ This report 1388 Gray, H.H., Bleuer, N.K., Lineback, J.A., Swadley, W.C., Richmond, G.M., Miller, R.A., Goldthwait, R.P., and Ward, R.A. compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Bush, C.A., eds., 1991, Quaternary geologic map of the Louisville 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-16/ This report 1382 Cleaves, E.T., Glaser, J.D., Howard, A.D., Johnson, G.H., Wheeler, W.H., Sevon, W.D., Sheldon, J., Owens, J.P., Peebles, P.C., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1987, Quaternary geologic map of the Chesapeake Bay 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-18), [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-18/ This report 929 Clayton, L., Moran, S.R., Bluemle, J.P., and Carlson, C.G., 1980, Geologic map of North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1669 Pavey, R. R.; Goldthwait, R. P.; Brockman, S. C., Hull, D. N., Swinford, E. M., and Van Horn, R.G, 1999, Quaternary Geology of Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey, Map No. 2, scale 1:500,000 This report 1281 Fullerton, D.S., Sevon, W.D., Muller, E.H., Judson, Sheldon, Black, R.F., Wagner, P.W., Hartshorn, J.H., Chapman, W.F., and Cowan, W.D., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., ed., 1992, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Hudson River 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2005], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-18/ This report 1221 Whitfield, J.W., Ward, R.A., Denne, J.E., Holbrook, D.F., Bush, W.V., Lineback, J.A., Luza, K.V., Jensen, K.M., and Fishman, W.D., compilers, Richmond, G.M. and Weide, D.L., eds., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Ozark Plateau 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-15), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-15/ This report 1227 Copeland, C.W., Jr., Rheams, K.F., Neathery, T.L., Gilliland, W.A., Schmidt, Walter, Clark, W.C., Jr., and Pope, D.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1988, Quaternary geologic map of the Mobile 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2010], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-16/ This report 1263 Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Weide, D.L., eds., Colquhoun, D.J., Friddell, M.S., Wheeler, W.H., Daniels, R.B., Gregory, J.P., Miller, R.A., and Van Nostrand, A.K., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1987, Quaternary geologic map of the Savannah 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2013], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-17/ This report 1166 Lineback, J.A., 1979, Quaternary deposits of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. This report 1309 Gray, H.H., 1989, Quaternary geologic map of Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Map 49, scale 1:500,000 This report 1134 Johnson, G.H., and Peebles, P.C., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., and Bush, C.A., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Hatteras 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-18/ This report 1197 Holbrook, D.F., Gilliland, W.A., Luza, K.V., Pope, D.E., Wermund, E.G., Miller, R.A., Bush, W.V., Jensen, K.N., and Fishman, W.D., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Weide, D.L., eds., 1990, Quaternary geologic map of the Vicksburg 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map-1420 (NI-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-15/ This report 1302 Lusardi, Barbara A; Gowan, Angela S; McDonald, Jennifer M; Marshall, Katherine J; Meyer, Gary N; Wagner, Kaleb G. (2019). S-23 Geologic Map of Minnesota - Quaternary Geology. Minnesota Geological Survey. Scale 1:500,000. This report 1239 Farrand, W.R., Mickelson, D.M., Cowan, W.R., and Goebel, J.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1984, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Superior 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-16/ This report 1020 Richard, S.M., Reynolds, S.J., Spencer, J.E., and Pearthree, P.A., 2000, Geologic Map of Arizona: Arizona Geological Survey, Map 35, scale 1:1,000,000. This report 1066 Zeller, D.E., ed., 1968, The Stratigraphic Succession in Kansas, with contributions by J.M. Jewett, C.K. Bayne, E.D. Goebel, H.G. O'Connor, A. Swineford, and D.E. Zeller: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 189 This report 1084 Snead, J.I., and McCulloh, R.P., 1984, Geologic Map of Louisiana: Louisiana Geological Survey Geologic Map 5, scale 1:500,000. This report 1408 Walker, G.W., and MacLeod, N.S., 1991, Geologic map of Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1316 This Report This report 1128 Howard, A.D., Behling, R.E., Wheeler, W.H., Daniels, R.B., Swadley, W.C., Goldthwait, R.P., Fullerton, D.S., Sevon, W.D., Miller, R.A., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Christiansen, A.C., eds., 1991, Quaternary geologic map of the Blue Ridge 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States Map I-1420 (NJ-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-17/ This report 1173 Swinehart, J.B., Dreeszen, V.H., Richmond, G.M., Tipton, M.J., Bretz, Richard, Steece, F.V., Hallberg, G.R., and Goebel, J.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M., ed., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Platte River 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-14), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2008], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-14/ This report 1307 Combination of multiple sources: Minnesota Geologic Survey, D-01 database of Surficial Geology Of Minnesota, https://mngs-umn.opendata.arcgis.com/apps/UMN::d-01-surficial-geology-of-minnesota/about, accessed November 1st, 2023|Lusardi, Barbara A; Gowan, Angela S; McDonald, Jennifer M; Marshall, Katherine J; Meyer, Gary N; Wagner, Kaleb G. (2019). S-23 Geologic Map of Minnesota - Quaternary Geology. Minnesota Geological Survey. Scale 1:500,000. This report 1209 Goebel, J.E., Mickelson, D.M., Ferrand, W.R., Clayton, Lee, Knox, J.C., Cahow, Adam, Hobbs, H.C., Walton, M.S., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1983, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Minneapolis 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey iscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420(NL-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2007], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-15/ This report 1526 Digital database of the Montana state geologic map, submitted to STATEMAP in GeMS This report 1376 Hartshorn, J.H., Thompson, W.B., Chapman, W.F., Black, R.F., Richmond, G.M., Grant, D.R., and Fullerton, D.S., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Boston 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420(NK-19), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-19/ This report 1191 Pope, D.E., Gilliland, W.A., and Wermund, E.G., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Weide, D.L., and Moore, D.W., eds., 1990, Quaternary geologic map of the White Lake 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-15), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-15/ This report 1284 Cadwell, D.H., Dineen, R.J., Connally, G.G., Fleisher, P.J., and Rich, J.L., 1987, Surficial geologic map of New York; Hudson-Mohawk sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1031 McFarland, J.D., 1998 (revised 2004), Stratigraphic summary of Arkansas: Arkansas Geological Survey Circular 36, 38 p. This report 1095 Martin, J.E., Sawyer, J.F., Fahrenbach, M.D., Tomhave, D.W., and Schulz, L.D., 2004, Geologic map of South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey General Map G-10, scale 1:500,000. This report 1185 Hallberg, G.R., Lineback, J.A., Mickelson, D.M., Knox, J.C., Goebel, J.E., Hobbs, H.C., Whitfield, J.W., Ward, R.A., Boellstorff, J.D., Swinehart, J.B., and Dreeszen, V.H., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Christiansen, A.C., eds., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Des Moines 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2008], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-15/ This report 1304 This Report This report 1160 Lineback, J.A., Bleuer, N.K., Mickelson, D.M., Ferrand, W.R., and Goldthwait, R.P., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1983, Quaternary geologic map of the Chicago 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-16/ This report 1288 Surficial Geology Material Explanation This report 1652 Lewis, R.S., Link, P.K., Stanford, L.R., and Long, S.P., 2012, Geologic map of Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey, Map M-9, scale 1:750,000. This report 896 Hintze, L.F., 1980, Geologic map of Utah: Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Map A-1, scale 1:500,000. This report 1632 Schuster, J.E., 2005, Geologic map of Washington State: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Geologic Map GM-53, scale 1:500,000. This report 1400 Thompson, Woodrow B., and Borns, Harold W., Jr. (editors), 1985, Surficial geologic map of Maine: Maine Geological Survey, 42" x 52" color map, scale 1:500,000. Maine Geological Survey Maps. 15. http://digitalmaine.com/mgs_maps/15 This report 1115 Texas Water Science Center, 2015, Geologic database of Texas This report 1233 Miller, R.A., Maher, S.W., Copeland, Jr., C.W., Rheams, K.F., Neathery, T.L., Gilliland, W.A., Friddell, M.S., Van Nostrand, A.K., Wheeler, W.H., Holbrook, D.F., and Bush, W.V., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1988, Quaternary geologic map of the Lookout Mountain 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-16), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2013], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-16/ This report 835 Stewart, J.H, and Carlson, J.E., 1978, Geologic Map of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1411 This Report This report GeoMaterial Categorization of map unit based on lithologic and genetic character, term selected from NGMDB standard term list defined in Appendix A of GeMS documentation, available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS.. GeMS Eolian sediment Silt- and sand-sized sediment, deposited by wind. GeMS Coastal zone sediment Mud and sand, with lesser amounts of gravel, deposited on beaches, on barrier islands, or in nearshore-marine, deltaic, or various low-energy shoreline (mud flat, tidal flat, sabka, algal flat) environments. GeMS Metasedimentary rock Rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Chert Sedimentary rock, composed chiefly of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz. GeMS Coastal zone sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mostly sand, silt, and gravel, deposited on beaches, in dunes, and in shallow-marine and related alluvial environments. GeMS Igneous and metamorphic rock Consists of coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock and generally medium- to high-grade metamorphic rock. GeMS Meta-ultramafic rock Rock derived from preexisting ultramafic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of magnesium-bearing minerals (for example, serpentine, talc, magnesite). GeMS Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment Sediment formed by relatively localized, downslope transport of particles or clasts produced by weathering and breakdown of underlying rock, sediment, and (or) soil. Composed of poorly sorted and poorly stratified material that ranges in size from clay to boulders. Speed of downslope transport ranges from rapid to imperceptible. GeMS Lacustrine sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material, generally sand and gravel sized, with lesser amounts of silt and clay, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. Much of sediment is derived from material eroded and transported by streams. Mostly deposits of lake-marginal beaches and deltas. GeMS Medium and high-grade regional metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to relatively intense regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. Includes amphibolite, granulite, schist, and gneiss. GeMS Alluvial sediment Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Grain size varies from clay to gravel. GeMS Intermediate-composition lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Parental magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows. Includes rocks that are, in color and in mineral composition, intermediate between felsic and mafic rocks (for example, andesite). GeMS Pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano or caldera. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. GeMS Carbonate rock Sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of carbonate minerals such as limestone or dolomite. GeMS "Made" or human-engineered land Modern, unconsolidated material known to have human-related origin. GeMS Playa sediment Fine-grained clastic sediment and evaporitic salts, deposited in ephemeral lakes in centers of undrained basins. Includes material deposited in playas, mud flats, salt flats, and adjacent saline marshes. Generally interbedded with eolian sand and with lacustrine sediment deposited during wetter climatic periods; commonly intertongues upslope with sediment deposited by alluvial fans. GeMS Unmapped area Unmapped area GeMS Alluvial sediment, mostly coarse-grained Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Sediment is mostly sand, gravel, and coarser material but may also contain some silt and clay. GeMS Sedimentary and extrusive igneous material Either (1) sedimentary rock and (or) unconsolidated material (sediment) and extrusive igneous material (volcanic rock and [or] sediment) or (2) volcanic rock and (or) sediment and such material after erosion and redeposition. GeMS Metaigneous rock Rock derived from preexisting igneous rocks and altered by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shear stress, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. GeMS Meta-felsic and intermediate rock Rock derived from preexisting felsic and intermediate-composition rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals; relatively enriched in silica. Includes metagranite, metadiorite, and meta-andesite. GeMS Marine sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mud, sand, and gravel eroded from rocks and sediment on land, transported by streams, and deposited in marine deltas and basins. Mostly siliceous in composition. GeMS Dolomite Carbonate sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of dolomite. Although dolostone is the proper analog to limestone, it has not often been applied to dolomitic units. GeMS Lacustrine sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material, generally silt and clay sized, with lesser amounts of sand, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. GeMS Coal and lignite Organic-rich sedimentary rock, formed from compaction and alteration of plant remains. Coal is consolidated, harder, black rock. Lignite is semiconsolidated, brown to black, earthy material that may contain large particles of recognizable plant parts and tends to crack upon drying. GeMS Slate and phyllite, of sedimentary-rock origin Fine-grained rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Includes phyllite and slate (compact, fine-grained rock that possesses strong cleavage and, hence, can be split into slabs and thin plates). Mostly formed from fine-grained material such as mudstone. GeMS Air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Fine tephra deposited at some distance from volcano is known as volcanic ash. GeMS Coastal zone sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly clay and silt, deposited in lagoons, tidal flats, backbarriers, and coastal marshes. GeMS Sand and gravel of unspecified origin Sediment composed mostly of sand and (or) gravel, formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Sedimentary material An aggregation of particles deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or as accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. May include unconsolidated material (sediment) and (or) sedimentary rock. Does not include sedimentary material directly deposited as a result of volcanic activity. GeMS Loess Silty sediment, deposited by wind, commonly near glacial margin. GeMS Conglomerate Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; contains more than 30 percent gravel-sized clasts. GeMS Mostly mudstone Mostly mudstone, interbedded with other sedimentary rocks that locally may include coarser grained clastic rocks (sandstone, conglomerate), carbonates, and (or) coal. GeMS Alluvial sediment, mostly fine-grained Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Sediment is mostly silt and clay but may also contain some sand and gravel. GeMS Intermediate-composition pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. Parental magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows but also can generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows. Includes rocks that are, in color and mineral composition, intermediate between felsic and mafic rocks (for example, andesite). GeMS Limestone Carbonate sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of calcite. GeMS Coarse-grained, intermediate-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Intermediate in color and in mineral composition (between felsic and mafic igneous rock). Includes dioritic rock. GeMS Dune sand Mostly sand-sized sediment, deposited by wind. Typically characterized by various dune landforms. GeMS Exotic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) below Earths surface that has exotic mineralogical, textural, or field setting characteristics. Typically dark colored with abundant phenocrysts. Includes kimberlite, lamprophyre, lamproite, and foiditic rocks. GeMS Marine sediment Mud and sand, deposited in various marine environments. May originate from erosion of rocks and sediment or may be derived from marine organisms (of carbonate or siliceous composition). GeMS Ultramafic intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed almost entirely of mafic minerals (for example, hypersthene, augite, olivine). GeMS Sedimentary rock Consolidated material (rock) composed of particles transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface, such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. Does not here include sedimentary material directly deposited as result of volcanic activity. GeMS Igneous rock Rock and fragmental material that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma). GeMS Lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Composed generally of fine-grained, dark-colored rocks (for example, basalt), which tend to form extensive sheets that have generally low relief, except in vent areas where cinder cones or shield volcanoes may form. Includes basaltic shield volcanoes, which may become very large (for example, Hawaii). GeMS Mafic-composition pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. Because of their low silica content and resulting low viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt gently as lava flows rather than more forcefully as pyroclastic flows. Includes basalt; rocks are commonly dark-colored. GeMS Other materials Other materials GeMS Silt and clay of unspecified origin Sediment composed mostly of silt and (or) clay, formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Marine sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly clay- and silt-sized sediment, deposited in relatively deep, quiet water, far removed from areas where coarser grained clastic sediments are washed into marine environment. Includes sediment derived from marine organisms. GeMS Evaporitic rock Sedimentary rock, composed primarily of minerals produced by evaporation of saline solution. Examples include gypsum, anhydrite, other diverse sulfates, halite (rock salt), primary dolomite, and rocks composed of various nitrates and borates. GeMS Glacial till Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. GeMS Quartzite Rock derived from preexisting quartz-rich sedimentary rocks (commonly sandstone) and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shear stress, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) below Earths surface. GeMS Metamorphic rock Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Volcaniclastic (fragmental) material Rock and unconsolidated material consisting of particles or clasts that were formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from volcanic vent. GeMS Mafic-composition lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Low-silica parental magmas have low viscosity and tend to form extensive sheets that have generally low relief. Includes basaltic shield volcanoes, which may become very large (for example, in Hawaii). Composed of fine-grained, dark rocks, including basaltic. GeMS Colluvium and other widespread mass-movement sediment Sediment formed by slow, relatively widespread, downslope transport of particles or clasts produced by weathering and breakdown of underlying rock, sediment, and (or) soil. Composed of poorly sorted and poorly stratified material that ranges in size from clay to boulders. GeMS Sandstone Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; consists mostly of sand-sized particles, with or without fine-grained matrix of silt or clay. GeMS Fine-grained intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly silt- and clay-sized particles or clasts, with lesser amounts of sand and gravel, derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Sediment Unconsolidated material (sediment) composed of particles deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or as accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. Does not include sedimentary material directly deposited as a result of volcanic activity. GeMS Deformation-related metamorphic rock Rock derived from preexisting rocks by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes in response to strong deformation, commonly in association with marked changes in temperature, pressure, and (or) chemical environment. Generally forms in narrow, planar zones of local deformation (for example, along faults); characterized by foliation or alignment of mineral grains. Includes mylonite and cataclasite. GeMS Iron-rich sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock, in which at least half (by volume) of observed minerals are iron bearing (hematite, magnetite, limonite group minerals, siderite, iron sulfides). GeMS Felsic-composition lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Because of their high silica content and resulting high viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt explosively, and so these deposits are uncommon. Includes fine-grained, light-colored rock with rhyolitic, dacitic, trachytic, and latitic composition. GeMS Sandstone and mudstone Sandstone and mudstone (including shale and siltstone), in approximately equal (or unspecified) proportions. GeMS Intermediate-composition air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into the air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Parental magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows but also can generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows. Includes rocks that are, in color and mineral composition, intermediate between felsic and mafic rocks (for example, andesite). GeMS Residual material Unconsolidated material, developed in place by weathering of underlying rock or sediment. Usually forms relatively thin surface layer that conceals unweathered or partly altered source material. Material from which soils are formed. GeMS Mostly sandstone Mostly sandstone, interbedded with other sedimentary rocks that locally may include conglomerate and finer grained clastic rocks (mudstone), carbonates, and (or) coal. GeMS Clastic sediment Sediment formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Water or ice Water or ice GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment Mostly sand-, silt-, and gravel-sized particles or clasts derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Felsic-composition pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano or caldera. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. Because of their high-silica content and resulting high viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt explosively. Includes rhyolite, dacite, trachyte, latite; rocks are commonly light-colored. GeMS Fine-grained, intermediate-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Intermediate in color and in mineral composition (between felsic and mafic igneous rock). Includes andesitic rock. GeMS Mostly carbonate rock Mostly carbonate rock, interbedded with other sedimentary rock types. GeMS Regional metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. GeMS Glacial till, mostly silty Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. Relatively loamy (silty) in texture. GeMS Mudstone Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; consists mostly of mud (that is, silt- and clay-sized particles). Includes shale and siltstone. GeMS Lower-grade metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to relatively mild regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. Includes slate and phyllite. GeMS Rock Various rock types, not differentiated. GeMS Fine-grained, felsic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals. Includes rhyolitic, dacitic, trachytic, and latitic rock. GeMS Carbonate sediment Sediment formed by biotic or abiotic precipitation from aqueous solution of carbonates of calcium, magnesium, or iron (for example, limestone, dolomite). GeMS Meta-carbonate rock Rock derived from preexisting carbonate sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Characterized by recrystallization of carbonate minerals in source rock. Includes marble (for which preexisting rock was dominantly limestone or other rock composed of calcite), dolomitic marble, meta-dolostone, and meta-dolomite (for which preexisting rock contained appreciable amount of magnesium). GeMS Peat and muck Unconsolidated material, principally composed of plant remains, with lesser amounts of fine-grained clastic sediment. Deposited in water-saturated environment such as swamp, marsh, or bog. With lithification, such material becomes coal. GeMS Felsic-composition air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Because of their high silica content and resulting high viscosity, felsic-composition magmas tend to erupt explosively, readily forming pumice and volcanic ash. Composed of light-colored rocks (for example, rhyolite, dacite, trachyte, latite). GeMS Schist and gneiss, of sedimentary-rock origin Foliated rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Includes schist (characterized by such strong foliation or alignment of minerals that it readily splits into flakes or slabs) and gneiss (characterized by alternating, irregular bands of different mineral composition). Mostly formed from fine-grained material such as mudstone. GeMS Glacial till, mostly clayey Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. Relatively clayey in texture. GeMS Coarse-grained, mafic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed mostly of feldspar and dark-colored minerals. Includes gabbroic rock. GeMS Clastic sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of preexisting rock and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Volcanic mass flow Volcanic deposits formed by mass movement (for example, debris avalanches, debris flows, lahar deposits), in many cases triggered by volcanic eruption. Debris avalanches that occur on volcanoes clearly without eruptive trigger may be classified as sedimentary (for example, as Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment). GeMS Coarse-grained, felsic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals (for example, feldspar, quartz). Includes granitic, syenitic, and monzonitic rock. GeMS Meta-mafic rock Rock derived from preexisting mafic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of iron- and magnesium-bearing, dark-colored and (or) green minerals. Includes greenstone, amphibolite, and metagabbro. GeMS Lacustrine sediment Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material that ranges in grain size from clay to gravel, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. Much of sediment is derived from material eroded and transported by streams. Includes deposits of lake-marginal beaches and deltas. GeMS Glacial till, mostly sandy Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. Relatively sandy in texture. GeMS Fine-grained, mafic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Composed mostly of dark-colored minerals. Includes basaltic rock. GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mostly sand- and gravel-sized particles or clasts, with lesser amounts of silt and clay, derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Extrusive igneous material Molten material that was erupted onto Earths surface, fusing into rock or remaining as unconsolidated particles. Includes pyroclastic flows, air-fall tephra, lava flows, and volcanic mass flows. GeMS GeoMaterialConfidence Describes appropriateness of GeoMaterial term for describing the map unit. GeMS Low Either (1) the overall lithologic nature of rocks and (or) sediments in this map unit is not adequately classifiable using the available list of GeoMaterial terms (and their definitions), but the selected term is the best available, or (2) this map unit is not sufficiently known enough to confidently assign a GeoMaterial term. U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--A Standard Format for the Digital Publication of Geologic Maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-B10. High The selected term in the GeoMaterial field (and its definition) adequately characterizes the overall lithologic nature of rocks and (or) sediments in the map unit. U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--A Standard Format for the Digital Publication of Geologic Maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-B10. Medium The selected term in the GeoMaterial field (and its definition) generally characterizes the overall lithologic nature of rocks and (or) sediments in the map unit, but one or more significant but minor lithologies are not adequately described by the selected term. U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--A Standard Format for the Digital Publication of Geologic Maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-B10. Source_DescriptionOfMapUnits_ID Primary key on the Source_DescriptionOfMapUnits table. This Report Unrepresentable domain Synthesis_to_Source_Units Table defining relationships between "source map units" and synthesis "map units". This Report OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain MapSourceID Identifies source map. Foreign key to DataSources table. This Report Unrepresentable domain Source_DescriptionOfMapUnitsID Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. This Report Unrepresentable domain Source_MapUnit Short, easily understood ASCII-character identifier for the source map unit. Prefixed with a MapSourceID value (from Source_DescriptionOfMapUnits) to differentiate identically-named source map units from different source maps. Otherwise conceptually equivalent to the "MapUnit" field in the GeMS "DescriptionOfMapUnits" table. This Report Unrepresentable domain DescriptionOfMapUnitsID Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. This Report Unrepresentable domain MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS Qe Eolian sediment This Report Qly Younger lacustrine sediment This Report Qv Quaternary volcanic rocks This Report Qel Loess This Report Qes Dune sand This Report QTcz Coastal zone sediment This Report Qpm Peat and muck This Report Qls Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment This Report QTv Volcanic rocks This Report Qg Glacial till, undifferentiated This Report Qczy Younger coastal zone sediment This Report QTm Marine sediment This Report Qm Marine sediment This Report water Water and ice This Report Qmy Younger marine sediment This Report Qay Young alluvial sediment This Report Qcz Coastal zone sediment This Report Qs Clastic sediments, undifferentiated This Report af Artificial fill This Report unmapped Unmapped area This Report Qai Intermediate alluvial sediment This Report Qp Playa sediment This Report Rim Pre-Quaternary igneous and metamorphic rocks This Report Qgo Older glacial till This Report Ru Residual materials and pre-Quaternary rocks and sediments This Report Qico Older ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment This Report Qa Alluvial sediment, undifferentiated This Report Qic Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment, undiferentiated This Report Qcsr Quaternary chemical sedimentary rocks This Report QTa Alluvial sediment This Report QTs Sedimentary rocks, undifferentiated This Report Ql Lacustrine sediment This Report Qao Old alluvial sediment This Report Symbol_Lookup FGDC symbols used in the source maps referenced herein. This Report OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Symbol_Lookup_ID Primary key on the Symbol_Lookup table. This Report Unrepresentable domain Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain IsConcealed Flag for contacts and faults covered by overlying map unit. GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationConfidenceMeters Estimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS reverse fault A fault on which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall. The dip of the fault is usually greater than 45°. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. shoreline A line delineating the boundary of a body of water, such as a river, lake, or the ocean This Report internal contact A planar or irregular surface separating different portions of the same geologic map unit, such as individual landslide blocks with a mapped landslide, or separately emplaced portions of a composite plutonic unit. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. strike-slip fault, right lateral offset A strike-slip fault on which the side opposite the observer has been displaced to the right. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. thrust fault A fault with a dip of 45° or less over much of its extent, on which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. gradational contact A contact defined by a gradual or continuous lithologic change from one geologic map unit to another. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. contact A plane or irregular surface between two types or ages of rock. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. shoreline scarp A line of cliffs with lateral continuity produced by erosion along a shoreline. This Report oblique-slip fault, left lateral offset A fault on which the net slip has dip slip and strike slip components, and the side opposite the observer has been displaced to the left. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. normal fault A fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall. The angle of the fault is usually 45-90 degrees, and in most cases close to 60 degrees. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. detachment fault A regionally extensive, gently dipping normal fault that is commonly associated with extension in a metamorphic core complex. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. shear zone A discrete, parallel-sided zone of localized shearing displacement, which may be recognized by sigmoidal mineral-filled veins, locally well-developed cleavage or foliation, wholesale grain-size reduction or mylonitization, or some combination of these features. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. glacial terminus The lower margin or extremity of a glacier, referring to the maximum extent (limit) reached by the glacier. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. strike-slip fault, left lateral offset A strike-slip fault on which the side opposite the observer has been displaced to the left. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. beach ridges A low, essentially continuous mound of beach or beach-and-dune material (sand, gravel, shingle) on the backshore of a beach beyond the present limit of storm waves or the reach of ordinary tides, and occurring singly or as one of a series of approximately parallel deposits. The ridges are roughly parallel to the shoreline and represent successive positions of an advancing shoreline. Called "cheniers" in southern Louisiana, for the oak trees that often grow on them. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. scratch boundary Arbitrary, non-physical boundary between map units on a geologic map. For example, between an undivided unit and its subunits, or between different names for the same package of rocks. This Report fault A discrete surface or zone of discrete surfaces separating two rock masses across which one mass has slid past the other. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. limit of significant glacial advance The extent reached by the glacier during an interval of positive net balance. Often corresponds with significant sediment deposition. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. low-angle normal fault A fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall. The angle of the fault is less than 45 degrees. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. oblique-slip fault, right lateral offset A fault on which the net slip has dip slip and strike slip components, and the side opposite the observer has been displaced to the right. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. map boundary The boundary of the map. In a GIS database, the line that bounds the outer extent of the polygons. This Report outcrop That part of a geologic formation or structure that appears at the surface of the Earth. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. SymbolClass Short description of which class of vector features this symbol applies to; line, point, or fill. This Report Unrepresentable domain ExistenceConfidence Confidence that feature exists. GeMS questionable Identity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault." Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. IdentityConfidence Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS questionable Identity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault." Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. GeoMaterialDict Non-spatial table that provides values of GeoMaterial, placed in a hierarchy, and their definitions. For further information, see Appendix A in GeMS documentation, available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain HierarchyKey String that records hierarchical structure. Has form nn-nn-nn, nnn-nnn, or similar. Numeric, left-padded with zeros, dash-delimited. Each HierarchyKey fragment of each row MUST be the same length to allow text-based sorting of table entries. GeMS Unrepresentable domain GeoMaterial Categorization of map unit based on lithologic and genetic character, term selected from NGMDB standard term list defined in Appendix A of GeMS documentation, available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS.. GeMS Eolian sediment Silt- and sand-sized sediment, deposited by wind. GeMS Coastal zone sediment Mud and sand, with lesser amounts of gravel, deposited on beaches, on barrier islands, or in nearshore-marine, deltaic, or various low-energy shoreline (mud flat, tidal flat, sabka, algal flat) environments. GeMS Metasedimentary rock Rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Chert Sedimentary rock, composed chiefly of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz. GeMS Coastal zone sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mostly sand, silt, and gravel, deposited on beaches, in dunes, and in shallow-marine and related alluvial environments. GeMS Igneous and metamorphic rock Consists of coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock and generally medium- to high-grade metamorphic rock. GeMS Meta-ultramafic rock Rock derived from preexisting ultramafic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of magnesium-bearing minerals (for example, serpentine, talc, magnesite). GeMS Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment Sediment formed by relatively localized, downslope transport of particles or clasts produced by weathering and breakdown of underlying rock, sediment, and (or) soil. Composed of poorly sorted and poorly stratified material that ranges in size from clay to boulders. Speed of downslope transport ranges from rapid to imperceptible. GeMS Lacustrine sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material, generally sand and gravel sized, with lesser amounts of silt and clay, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. Much of sediment is derived from material eroded and transported by streams. Mostly deposits of lake-marginal beaches and deltas. GeMS Medium and high-grade regional metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to relatively intense regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. Includes amphibolite, granulite, schist, and gneiss. GeMS Alluvial sediment Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Grain size varies from clay to gravel. GeMS Meta-volcaniclastic rock Rock derived from preexisting volcaniclastic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed of deformed but recognizable particles or clasts of volcanic explosive material. GeMS Intermediate-composition lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Parental magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows. Includes rocks that are, in color and in mineral composition, intermediate between felsic and mafic rocks (for example, andesite). GeMS Pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano or caldera. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. GeMS Carbonate rock Sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of carbonate minerals such as limestone or dolomite. GeMS "Made" or human-engineered land Modern, unconsolidated material known to have human-related origin. GeMS Playa sediment Fine-grained clastic sediment and evaporitic salts, deposited in ephemeral lakes in centers of undrained basins. Includes material deposited in playas, mud flats, salt flats, and adjacent saline marshes. Generally interbedded with eolian sand and with lacustrine sediment deposited during wetter climatic periods; commonly intertongues upslope with sediment deposited by alluvial fans. GeMS Unmapped area Unmapped area GeMS Alluvial sediment, mostly coarse-grained Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Sediment is mostly sand, gravel, and coarser material but may also contain some silt and clay. GeMS Sedimentary and extrusive igneous material Either (1) sedimentary rock and (or) unconsolidated material (sediment) and extrusive igneous material (volcanic rock and [or] sediment) or (2) volcanic rock and (or) sediment and such material after erosion and redeposition. GeMS Metaigneous rock Rock derived from preexisting igneous rocks and altered by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shear stress, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. GeMS Meta-felsic and intermediate rock Rock derived from preexisting felsic and intermediate-composition rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals; relatively enriched in silica. Includes metagranite, metadiorite, and meta-andesite. GeMS Marine sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mud, sand, and gravel eroded from rocks and sediment on land, transported by streams, and deposited in marine deltas and basins. Mostly siliceous in composition. GeMS Dolomite Carbonate sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of dolomite. Although dolostone is the proper analog to limestone, it has not often been applied to dolomitic units. GeMS Lacustrine sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material, generally silt and clay sized, with lesser amounts of sand, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. GeMS Coal and lignite Organic-rich sedimentary rock, formed from compaction and alteration of plant remains. Coal is consolidated, harder, black rock. Lignite is semiconsolidated, brown to black, earthy material that may contain large particles of recognizable plant parts and tends to crack upon drying. GeMS Slate and phyllite, of sedimentary-rock origin Fine-grained rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Includes phyllite and slate (compact, fine-grained rock that possesses strong cleavage and, hence, can be split into slabs and thin plates). Mostly formed from fine-grained material such as mudstone. GeMS Air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Fine tephra deposited at some distance from volcano is known as volcanic ash. GeMS Coastal zone sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly clay and silt, deposited in lagoons, tidal flats, backbarriers, and coastal marshes. GeMS Sand and gravel of unspecified origin Sediment composed mostly of sand and (or) gravel, formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Sedimentary material An aggregation of particles deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or as accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. May include unconsolidated material (sediment) and (or) sedimentary rock. Does not include sedimentary material directly deposited as a result of volcanic activity. GeMS Loess Silty sediment, deposited by wind, commonly near glacial margin. GeMS Conglomerate Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; contains more than 30 percent gravel-sized clasts. GeMS Mostly mudstone Mostly mudstone, interbedded with other sedimentary rocks that locally may include coarser grained clastic rocks (sandstone, conglomerate), carbonates, and (or) coal. GeMS Alluvial sediment, mostly fine-grained Unconsolidated material deposited by streams or other bodies of running water as sorted or semisorted sediment in streambed, or on its floodplain or delta, or as cone or fan at base of mountain slope. Sediment is mostly silt and clay but may also contain some sand and gravel. GeMS Intermediate-composition pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. Parental magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows but also can generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows. Includes rocks that are, in color and mineral composition, intermediate between felsic and mafic rocks (for example, andesite). GeMS Limestone Carbonate sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of calcite. GeMS Coarse-grained, intermediate-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Intermediate in color and in mineral composition (between felsic and mafic igneous rock). Includes dioritic rock. GeMS Dune sand Mostly sand-sized sediment, deposited by wind. Typically characterized by various dune landforms. GeMS Exotic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) below Earths surface that has exotic mineralogical, textural, or field setting characteristics. Typically dark colored with abundant phenocrysts. Includes kimberlite, lamprophyre, lamproite, and foiditic rocks. GeMS Marine sediment Mud and sand, deposited in various marine environments. May originate from erosion of rocks and sediment or may be derived from marine organisms (of carbonate or siliceous composition). GeMS Ultramafic intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed almost entirely of mafic minerals (for example, hypersthene, augite, olivine). GeMS Sedimentary rock Consolidated material (rock) composed of particles transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface, such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. Does not here include sedimentary material directly deposited as result of volcanic activity. GeMS Contact-metamorphic rock Altered rock that originated by local processes of thermal metamorphism, genetically related to intrusion and extrusion of magmas and taking place at or near contact with body of igneous rock. Metamorphic changes are effected by heat and fluids emanating from magma and by some deformation because of emplacement of igneous mass. GeMS Igneous rock Rock and fragmental material that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma). GeMS Lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Composed generally of fine-grained, dark-colored rocks (for example, basalt), which tend to form extensive sheets that have generally low relief, except in vent areas where cinder cones or shield volcanoes may form. Includes basaltic shield volcanoes, which may become very large (for example, Hawaii). GeMS Mafic-composition pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. Because of their low silica content and resulting low viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt gently as lava flows rather than more forcefully as pyroclastic flows. Includes basalt; rocks are commonly dark-colored. GeMS Other materials Other materials GeMS Mass movement sediment Sediment formed by downslope transport of particles or clasts produced by weathering and breakdown of underlying rock, sediment, and (or) soil. Composed of poorly sorted and poorly stratified material that ranges in size from clay to boulders. Includes colluvial, landslide, talus, and rock-avalanche deposits. GeMS Silt and clay of unspecified origin Sediment composed mostly of silt and (or) clay, formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Marine sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly clay- and silt-sized sediment, deposited in relatively deep, quiet water, far removed from areas where coarser grained clastic sediments are washed into marine environment. Includes sediment derived from marine organisms. GeMS Evaporitic rock Sedimentary rock, composed primarily of minerals produced by evaporation of saline solution. Examples include gypsum, anhydrite, other diverse sulfates, halite (rock salt), primary dolomite, and rocks composed of various nitrates and borates. GeMS Glacial till Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. GeMS Quartzite Rock derived from preexisting quartz-rich sedimentary rocks (commonly sandstone) and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shear stress, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) below Earths surface. GeMS Metamorphic rock Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. GeMS Volcaniclastic (fragmental) material Rock and unconsolidated material consisting of particles or clasts that were formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from volcanic vent. GeMS Mafic-composition lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Low-silica parental magmas have low viscosity and tend to form extensive sheets that have generally low relief. Includes basaltic shield volcanoes, which may become very large (for example, in Hawaii). Composed of fine-grained, dark rocks, including basaltic. GeMS Rock and sediment Various rocks and sediment, not differentiated. GeMS Colluvium and other widespread mass-movement sediment Sediment formed by slow, relatively widespread, downslope transport of particles or clasts produced by weathering and breakdown of underlying rock, sediment, and (or) soil. Composed of poorly sorted and poorly stratified material that ranges in size from clay to boulders. GeMS Sandstone Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; consists mostly of sand-sized particles, with or without fine-grained matrix of silt or clay. GeMS Fine-grained intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment, mostly fine-grained Mostly silt- and clay-sized particles or clasts, with lesser amounts of sand and gravel, derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Sediment Unconsolidated material (sediment) composed of particles deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice, or as accumulated by other natural agents operating at Earths surface such as chemical precipitation or secretion by organisms. Does not include sedimentary material directly deposited as a result of volcanic activity. GeMS Deformation-related metamorphic rock Rock derived from preexisting rocks by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes in response to strong deformation, commonly in association with marked changes in temperature, pressure, and (or) chemical environment. Generally forms in narrow, planar zones of local deformation (for example, along faults); characterized by foliation or alignment of mineral grains. Includes mylonite and cataclasite. GeMS Iron-rich sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock, in which at least half (by volume) of observed minerals are iron bearing (hematite, magnetite, limonite group minerals, siderite, iron sulfides). GeMS Felsic-composition lava flows Lateral, surficial outpourings of molten lava from vent or fissure; also, solidified bodies of rock that form when they cool. Because of their high silica content and resulting high viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt explosively, and so these deposits are uncommon. Includes fine-grained, light-colored rock with rhyolitic, dacitic, trachytic, and latitic composition. GeMS Sandstone and mudstone Sandstone and mudstone (including shale and siltstone), in approximately equal (or unspecified) proportions. GeMS Mafic-composition air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into the air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Because of their low silica content and resulting low viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt gently as lava flows, and so these deposits are uncommon. Includes basalt; rocks are commonly dark-colored. GeMS Intermediate-composition air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into the air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Parental magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows but also can generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows. Includes rocks that are, in color and mineral composition, intermediate between felsic and mafic rocks (for example, andesite). GeMS Residual material Unconsolidated material, developed in place by weathering of underlying rock or sediment. Usually forms relatively thin surface layer that conceals unweathered or partly altered source material. Material from which soils are formed. GeMS Mostly sandstone Mostly sandstone, interbedded with other sedimentary rocks that locally may include conglomerate and finer grained clastic rocks (mudstone), carbonates, and (or) coal. GeMS Clastic sediment Sediment formed by weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks or minerals; eroded particles or clasts are transported and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Water or ice Water or ice GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment Mostly sand-, silt-, and gravel-sized particles or clasts derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Felsic-composition pyroclastic flows Hot ash, pumice, and rock fragments erupted from volcano or caldera. Material moves downslope commonly in chaotic flows; once deposited, hot fragments may compact under their own weight and weld together. Because of their high-silica content and resulting high viscosity, parental magmas tend to erupt explosively. Includes rhyolite, dacite, trachyte, latite; rocks are commonly light-colored. GeMS Fine-grained, intermediate-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Intermediate in color and in mineral composition (between felsic and mafic igneous rock). Includes andesitic rock. GeMS Mostly carbonate rock Mostly carbonate rock, interbedded with other sedimentary rock types. GeMS Regional metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. GeMS Glacial till, mostly silty Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. Relatively loamy (silty) in texture. GeMS Mudstone Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion and weathering of preexisting rock; consists mostly of mud (that is, silt- and clay-sized particles). Includes shale and siltstone. GeMS Lower-grade metamorphic rock, of unspecified origin Rock derived from preexisting rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to relatively mild regional changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Origin of preexisting rock is mixed (for example, igneous and sedimentary) or is not known. Includes slate and phyllite. GeMS Carbonate sediment Sediment formed by biotic or abiotic precipitation from aqueous solution of carbonates of calcium, magnesium, or iron (for example, limestone, dolomite). GeMS Fine-grained, felsic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals. Includes rhyolitic, dacitic, trachytic, and latitic rock. GeMS Rock Various rock types, not differentiated. GeMS Meta-carbonate rock Rock derived from preexisting carbonate sedimentary rocks and altered by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Characterized by recrystallization of carbonate minerals in source rock. Includes marble (for which preexisting rock was dominantly limestone or other rock composed of calcite), dolomitic marble, meta-dolostone, and meta-dolomite (for which preexisting rock contained appreciable amount of magnesium). GeMS Peat and muck Unconsolidated material, principally composed of plant remains, with lesser amounts of fine-grained clastic sediment. Deposited in water-saturated environment such as swamp, marsh, or bog. With lithification, such material becomes coal. GeMS Felsic-composition air-fall tephra Fragments of volcanic rock and lava, of various sizes, carried into air by explosions and by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains; known as tephra. As tephra falls to ground, with increasing distance from volcano, average size of individual rock particles and thickness of resulting deposit decrease. Because of their high silica content and resulting high viscosity, felsic-composition magmas tend to erupt explosively, readily forming pumice and volcanic ash. Composed of light-colored rocks (for example, rhyolite, dacite, trachyte, latite). GeMS Schist and gneiss, of sedimentary-rock origin Foliated rock derived from preexisting sedimentary rocks by essentially solid-state mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Includes schist (characterized by such strong foliation or alignment of minerals that it readily splits into flakes or slabs) and gneiss (characterized by alternating, irregular bands of different mineral composition). Mostly formed from fine-grained material such as mudstone. GeMS Glacial till, mostly clayey Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. Relatively clayey in texture. GeMS Coarse-grained, mafic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed mostly of feldspar and dark-colored minerals. Includes gabbroic rock. GeMS Clastic sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of particles or clasts derived by erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of preexisting rock and deposited by gravity, air, water, or ice. GeMS Volcanic mass flow Volcanic deposits formed by mass movement (for example, debris avalanches, debris flows, lahar deposits), in many cases triggered by volcanic eruption. Debris avalanches that occur on volcanoes clearly without eruptive trigger may be classified as sedimentary (for example, as Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment). GeMS Coarse-grained, felsic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at some depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling slowly enough for mineral crystals to grow large enough to be visible to naked eye. Composed mostly of light-colored minerals (for example, feldspar, quartz). Includes granitic, syenitic, and monzonitic rock. GeMS Meta-mafic rock Rock derived from preexisting mafic rocks by essentially solid-state, mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, deformation, and (or) chemical environment, generally at depth in Earths crust. Composed mostly of iron- and magnesium-bearing, dark-colored and (or) green minerals. Includes greenstone, amphibolite, and metagabbro. GeMS Lacustrine sediment Mostly well-sorted and well-bedded material that ranges in grain size from clay to gravel, deposited in perennial to intermittent lakes. Much of sediment is derived from material eroded and transported by streams. Includes deposits of lake-marginal beaches and deltas. GeMS Glacial till, mostly sandy Mostly unsorted and unstratified material, generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and underneath or adjacent to glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater. Consists of heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders, ranging widely in size and shape. Relatively sandy in texture. GeMS Fine-grained, mafic-composition intrusive igneous rock Rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (magma) at shallow depth beneath Earths surface, thereby cooling quickly. Generally fine grained but may contain large mineral crystals (phenocrysts). Mostly found as tabular dikes or sills. Composed mostly of dark-colored minerals. Includes basaltic rock. GeMS Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment, mostly coarse-grained Mostly sand- and gravel-sized particles or clasts, with lesser amounts of silt and clay, derived from rock or preexisting sediment that has been eroded and transported by glaciers. As glacier melted, material was deposited by running water essentially in contact with glacial ice or was transported and deposited by glacially fed streams. Includes sediment deposited into water bodies adjacent to glacier. GeMS Extrusive igneous material Molten material that was erupted onto Earths surface, fusing into rock or remaining as unconsolidated particles. Includes pyroclastic flows, air-fall tephra, lava flows, and volcanic mass flows. GeMS IndentedName Name with addition of leading spaces to help show rank within a hierarchical list. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Definition Plain-language definition. GeMS Unrepresentable domain MapUnitPolys Polygons that record distribution of map units (including water, snowfields, glaciers, and unmapped area) on the particular map horizon. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Length Internal feature length, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Area Internal feature area, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain MapUnit Short plain-text identifier of the map unit. Foreign key to DescriptionOfMapUnits table. GeMS Qe Eolian sediment This Report Qly Younger lacustrine sediment This Report Qv Quaternary volcanic rocks This Report Qel Loess This Report QTcz Coastal zone sediment This Report Qes Dune sand This Report Qls Debris flows, landslides, and other localized mass-movement sediment This Report Qpm Peat and muck This Report QTv Volcanic rocks This Report Qg Glacial till, undifferentiated This Report Qczy Younger coastal zone sediment This Report QTm Marine sediment This Report Qm Marine sediment This Report water Water and ice This Report Qmy Younger marine sediment This Report Qay Young alluvial sediment This Report Qcz Coastal zone sediment This Report Qs Clastic sediments, undifferentiated This Report af Artificial fill This Report unmapped Unmapped area This Report Qai Intermediate alluvial sediment This Report Qp Playa sediment This Report Rim Pre-Quaternary igneous and metamorphic rocks This Report Qgo Older glacial till This Report Ru Residual materials and pre-Quaternary rocks and sediments This Report Qico Older ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment This Report Qa Alluvial sediment, undifferentiated This Report Qic Ice-contact and ice-marginal sediment, undiferentiated This Report Qcsr Quaternary chemical sedimentary rocks This Report QTa Alluvial sediment This Report QTs Sedimentary rocks, undifferentiated This Report Ql Lacustrine sediment This Report Qao Old alluvial sediment This Report IdentityConfidence Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS questionable Identity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault." Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS 1251 Scott, T.M., Knapp, M.S., and Weide, D.L, compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Florida Keys 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NG-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2010], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ng-17/ This report 1032 Haley, B.R., Glick, E.E., Bush, W.V., Clardy, B.F., Stone, C.G., Woodward, M.B., and Zachry, D.L., 1993, Geologic map of Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. This report 674 Mudrey Jr., M.G., Brown, B.A., Greenberg, J.K., 1982, Bedrock Geologic Map of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Map M-078, scale 1:1,000,000. This report 1340 Fullerton, D.S., Cowan, W.R., Savon, W.D., Goldthwait, R.P., Ferrand, W.R., Muller, E.H., Bahling, R.E., and Stravers, J.A., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., and Richmond, G.M., eds.; 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-17/ This report 1624 Porter, K.W., and Wilde, E.M., 2001, Geologic map of the Zortman 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 438, 16 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1542 Reynolds, M.W., and Brandt, T.R., 2005, Geologic map of the Canyon Ferry Dam 30' x 60' quadrangle, west-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2860, 32 p., 3 sheets, scale 1:100,000. . This report 1595 Vuke, S.M., Heffern, E.L., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Powderville 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 429, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1613 Berg, R.B., 2002, Geologic map of the Valier 30' x 60' quadrangle, northwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 453, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1582 Lopez, D.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Lonesome Lake 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 446, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 838 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2003, Geologic map of New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Geologic Map, scale 1:500,000 This report 1619 Wilde, E.M., and Porter, K.W., 2002, Geologic map of the Winifred 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 437, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1589 Berg, R.B., and Lonn, J.D., 1996, Preliminary geologic map of the Nez Perce Pass 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 339, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1530 Vuke, S.M., Berg, R.B., Colton, R.B., and O'Brien, H.E., 2002, Geologic map of the Belt 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 450, 19 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1414 Farrand, W.R., and Bell, D.L., 1982, Quaternary Geology of Southern Michigan: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Geological Survey, Geological Publication QG-01, scale 1:500,000 This report 856 Heran, W.D., Green, G.N., and Stoeser, D.B., A digital geologic map database for Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-247, scale 1:250,000. This report 1614 Lonn, J.D., and McFaddan, M.D., 1999, Geologic map of the Montana part of the Wallace 30' x 60' quadrangle: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 388, 15 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 929 Clayton, L., Moran, S.R., Bluemle, J.P., and Carlson, C.G., 1980, Geologic map of North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1563 Vuke, S.M., Colton, R.B., and Fullerton, D.S., 2002, Geologic map of the Great Falls North 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 459, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1227 Copeland, C.W., Jr., Rheams, K.F., Neathery, T.L., Gilliland, W.A., Schmidt, Walter, Clark, W.C., Jr., and Pope, D.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1988, Quaternary geologic map of the Mobile 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2010], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-16/ This report 1626 Vuke, S.M., Porter, K.W., Lonn, J.D., and Lopez, D.A., 2007, Geologic map of Montana [Earth surface version]: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 62, scale 1:500,000 This report 1309 Gray, H.H., 1989, Quaternary geologic map of Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Map 49, scale 1:500,000 This report 1574 Harrison, J.E., Cressman, E.R., and Whipple, J.W., 1992, Geologic and structure maps of Kalispell 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Alberta, British Columbia: United States Geological Survey USGS Miscellaneous Geologic Investigation 2267, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1560 Berg, R.B., Lonn, J.D., and Locke, W.W., 1999, Geologic map of the Gardiner 30' x 60' quadrangle, south-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 387, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1020 Richard, S.M., Reynolds, S.J., Spencer, J.E., and Pearthree, P.A., 2000, Geologic Map of Arizona: Arizona Geological Survey, Map 35, scale 1:1,000,000. This report 1587 Lewis, R.S., 1998, Preliminary geologic map of the Montana part of the Missoula West 30' x 60' quadrangle: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 373, 20 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1566 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2000, Geologic map of the Hardin 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 57, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1583 Bergantino, R.N., 1999, Geologic and structure contour maps of the Malta 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 389, 4 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1592 Lonn, J.D., Smith, L.N., and McCulloch, R.B., 2007, Geologic map of the Plains 30' x 60' quadrangle, western Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 554, 43 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1597 Wilde, E.M., and Smith, L.N., 2003, Geologic and structure contour map of the Richey 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 475, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1564 Vuke, S.M., 2000, Geologic map of the Great Falls South 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 407, 18 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1545 Vuke, S.M., Hargrave, P.A., and Smith, L.N., 2011, Geologic map of the Circle 30' x 60' quadrangle Dawson, McCone, and Prairie counties, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 597, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1569 Sholes, M.A., and Bergantino, R.N., 2002, Geologic map of the Havre 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 467, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1575 Vuke, S.M., Heffern, E.L., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Lame Deer 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 428, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1536 Miller, F.K., and Burmester, R.F., 2004, Geologic map of the Bonner's Ferry 30' X 60' quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MP-2426, scale 1:100,000. This report 1608 Harrison, J.E., Whipple, J.W., and Lidke, D.J., 1998, Geologic map of the western part of the Cut Bank 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2593, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. This report 1286 Muller, E.H., Cadwell, D.H., Connally, G.G., Young, R.A., 1986, Surficial geologic map of New York; Finger Lakes sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1558 Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2004, Geologic and structure contour map of the Fort Peck Lake East 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 498, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1577 Porter, K.W., and Wilde, E.M., 1993, Geologic map of the Lewistown 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 308, 22 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1561 Bergantino, R.N., 1999, Geologic map of the Glasgow 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeast Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 390, 4 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1296 Combination of multiple sources: Cadwell, D.H., Dineen, R.J., Connally, G.G., Fleisher, P.J., and Rich, J.L., 1987, Surficial geologic map of New York; Hudson-Mohawk sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets|Jackson, R.L, and Doctor, D.H., 2023, A geodatabase representing a compilation of Cadwell, D.H., and others, 1991, Surficial Geology of New York; New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets.: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KM842E This report 1113 Barnes, V.E. (project supervisor), Hartmann, B.A., and Scranton, D.F. (cartography), 1992, Geologic Map of Texas: The University of Texas at Austin, Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, scale 1:500,000. This report 1611 Harrison, J.E., Griggs, A.B., and Wells, J.D., 1986, Geologic and structure maps of the Wallace 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1509-A, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1287 Cadwell, D.H., Connally, G.G., Fleisher, P.J., Muller, E.H., 1988, Surficial geologic map of New York; Niagara sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1591 Lonn, J.D., McDonald, C., Lewis, R.S., Kalakay, T.J., O'Neill, J.M., Berg, R.B., and Hargrave, P., 2003, Geologic map of the Philipsburg 30' x 60' quadrangle, western Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 483, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1233 Miller, R.A., Maher, S.W., Copeland, Jr., C.W., Rheams, K.F., Neathery, T.L., Gilliland, W.A., Friddell, M.S., Van Nostrand, A.K., Wheeler, W.H., Holbrook, D.F., and Bush, W.V., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1988, Quaternary geologic map of the Lookout Mountain 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-16), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2013], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-16/ This report 1605 Mudge, M.R., Earhart, R.L., Whipple, J.W., and Harrison, J.E., 1983, Geologic and structure maps of the Choteau 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, northwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Atlas 3-A, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1411 This Report This report 1590 Bergantino, R.N., 2001, Geologic and structure contour map of the Opheim 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeast Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 440, 6 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1618 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Colton, R.B., and Stickney, M.C., 2003, Geologic map of the Wibaux 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 465, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1544 Berg, R.B., 2008, Geologic map of the Choteau 30' x 60' quadrangle, north central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 571, 16 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1601 Lonn,J.D., Elliott, C.G., Lewis, R.S., Burmester, R.F., McFaddan, M.D., Stanford, L.R., and Jänecke, S.U., 2019, Geologic map of the Montana part of the Salmon 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 75, 28 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1306 Minnesota Geologic Survey, D-01 database of Surficial Geology Of Minnesota, https://mngs-umn.opendata.arcgis.com/apps/UMN::d-01-surficial-geology-of-minnesota/about, accessed November 1st, 2023 This report 1594 Harrison, J.E., Griggs, A.B., and Wells, J.D., 1986, Geologic and structure maps of the Wallace 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1509-A, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1531 Porter, K.W., Wilde, E.M., and Vuke, S.M., 1996, Preliminary geologic map of the Big Snowy Mountains 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 341, 16 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1621 Ruppel, E.T., O'Neill, J.M., and Lopez, D.A., 1993, Geologic map of the Dillon 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 1803-H, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. This report 1620 Porter, K.W., and Wilde, E.M., 1993, Geologic map of the Winnett 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 307, 16 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1283 Cadwell, D.H., Connally, G.G., Dineen, R.J., Fleisher, P.J., Fuller, M.L., Les Sirkin, M.L., and Wiles, G.C., 1989, Surficial geologic map of New York; Lower Hudson sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1572 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2003, Geologic map of the Hysham 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 486, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1141 Gadd, N.R., Veillete, J.J., Fullerton, D.S., Wagner, P.W., and Chapman, W.F., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., ed., 1993, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Ottawa 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-18/ This report 1346 Borns, H.W., Gadd, N.R., LaSalle, Pierre, Martineau, Ghismond, Chauvin, Luc, Fullerton, D.S., Fulton, R.J., Chapman, W.F., Wagner, W.P., and Grant, D.R., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1987, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Quebec 4°x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-19), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-19/ This report 1609 Lopez, D.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Sweet Grass Hills 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 443, 18 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1388 Gray, H.H., Bleuer, N.K., Lineback, J.A., Swadley, W.C., Richmond, G.M., Miller, R.A., Goldthwait, R.P., and Ward, R.A. compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Bush, C.A., eds., 1991, Quaternary geologic map of the Louisville 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-16/ This report 1382 Cleaves, E.T., Glaser, J.D., Howard, A.D., Johnson, G.H., Wheeler, W.H., Sevon, W.D., Sheldon, J., Owens, J.P., Peebles, P.C., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1987, Quaternary geologic map of the Chesapeake Bay 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-18), [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-18/ This report 1600 Wilde, E.M., and Porter, K.W., 2000, Geologic map of the Roundup 30' X 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 404, 14 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1617 Bergantino, R.N., 2003, Geologic and structure contour map of the Whitewater 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 471, 6 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1604 Bergantino, R.N., and Wilde, E.M., 1998, Preliminary geologic and structure contour map of the Scobey 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 360, 5 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1221 Whitfield, J.W., Ward, R.A., Denne, J.E., Holbrook, D.F., Bush, W.V., Lineback, J.A., Luza, K.V., Jensen, K.M., and Fishman, W.D., compilers, Richmond, G.M. and Weide, D.L., eds., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Ozark Plateau 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-15), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-15/ This report 1616 Harrison, J.E., Cressman, E.R., and Whipple, J.W., 1992, Geologic and structure maps of the Kalispell 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana, and Alberta and British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2267, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1603 Lewis, R.S., Burmester, R.F., Breckenridge, R.M., McFaddan, M.D., and Phillips, W.M., 2008, Preliminary geologic map of the Sandpoint 30' x 60' quadrangle, Idaho and Montana, and the Idaho part of the Chewelah 30' x 60' quadrangle: Idaho Geological Survey, Digital Web Map DWM-94, scale 1:100,000. This report 1166 Lineback, J.A., 1979, Quaternary deposits of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. This report 1134 Johnson, G.H., and Peebles, P.C., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., and Bush, C.A., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Hatteras 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-18/ This report 1408 Walker, G.W., and MacLeod, N.S., 1991, Geologic map of Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1573 Wilde, E.M., and Vuke, S.M., 2004, Geologic map of the Jordan 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 514, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1576 Ruppel, E.T., 1998, Geologic map of the eastern part of the Leadore 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 372, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1570 O'Neill, J.M., and Christiansen, R.L., 2002, Geologic map of the Hebgen Lake 30' x 60' quadrangle, Beaverhead, Madison, and Gallatin counties, Montana, Park and Teton counties, Wyoming, and Clark and Fremont Counties, Idaho: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 464, 21 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1550 Ruppel, E.T., O'Neill, J.M., and Lopez, D.A., 1993, Geologic map of the Dillon 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 1803-H, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. This report 1128 Howard, A.D., Behling, R.E., Wheeler, W.H., Daniels, R.B., Swadley, W.C., Goldthwait, R.P., Fullerton, D.S., Sevon, W.D., Miller, R.A., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Christiansen, A.C., eds., 1991, Quaternary geologic map of the Blue Ridge 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States Map I-1420 (NJ-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-17/ This report 1578 Harrison, J.E., Cressman, E.R., and Whipple, J.W., 1992, Geologic and structure maps of the Kalispell 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana, and Alberta and British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2267, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1534 Lopez, D.A., 2000, Geologic map of the Billings 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 59, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1571 Harrison, J.E., Whipple, J.W., and Lidke, D.J., 1998, Geologic map of the western part of the Cut Bank 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2593, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. This report 1185 Hallberg, G.R., Lineback, J.A., Mickelson, D.M., Knox, J.C., Goebel, J.E., Hobbs, H.C., Whitfield, J.W., Ward, R.A., Boellstorff, J.D., Swinehart, J.B., and Dreeszen, V.H., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Christiansen, A.C., eds., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Des Moines 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2008], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-15/ This report 1602 Wilde, E.M., and Vuke. S.M., 2004, Geologic map of the Sand Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 515, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 896 Hintze, L.F., 1980, Geologic map of Utah: Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Map A-1, scale 1:500,000. This report 1632 Schuster, J.E., 2005, Geologic map of Washington State: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Geologic Map GM-53, scale 1:500,000. This report 1599 Bergantino, R.N., Porter, K.W., and Hearn Jr., B.C., 2002, Geologic map of the Rocky Boy 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 451, 16 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1585 Vuke, S.M., Luft, S.J., Colton, R.B., and Heffern, E.L., 2001, Geologic map of the Miles City 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 426, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 835 Stewart, J.H, and Carlson, J.E., 1978, Geologic Map of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1553 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Ekalaka 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North and South Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 430, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1581 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Lopez, D.A., and Bergantino, R.N., 2000, Geologic map of the Lodge Grass 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 56, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1562 Vuke, S.M., and Colton R.B., 1998, Geologic map of the Glendive 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 371, 8 p., scale 1:100,000. This report 1543 Lopez, D.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Chester 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 445, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1598 McDonald, C., Lopez, D.A., Berg, R.B., and Gibson, R.I., 2005, Preliminary geologic map of the Ringling 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 511, 27 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 632 Berg, T.M., Edmunds, W.E., Geyer, A.R., Glover, A.D., Hoskins, D.M., MacLachlan, D.B., Root, S.I., Sevon, W.D., and Socolow, A.A. 1980, Geologic map of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Map 1, Scale 1:250,000. This report 1533 Evans, K.V ., and Green, G.N., 2003, Geologic map of the Salmon National Forest and vicinity, east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2765, 1 sheet, scale: 1:100,000. This report 1540 Scarberry, K.C., Elliott, C.G., and Yakovlev, P.V., 2019, Geology of the Butte North 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwest Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 715, 30 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1557 Berg, R.B., and Vuke, S.M., 2002, Geologic map of the Fort Benton 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 460, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1295 Combination of multiple sources: Muller, E.H., Cadwell, D.H., Connally, G.G., Young, R.A., 1986, Surficial geologic map of New York; Finger Lakes sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets|Jackson, R.L, and Doctor, D.H., 2023, A geodatabase representing a compilation of Cadwell, D.H., and others, 1991, Surficial Geology of New York; New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets.: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KM842E This report 1666 Jennings, C.W., Gutierrez, C., Bryant, W., Saucedo, G., and Wills, C., 2010, Geologic Map of California: California Geological Survey Geologic Data Map GDM-2.2010 This report 871 Love, J.D., and Christiansen, A.C., 1985, Geologic map of Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1567 Bergantino, R.N., Patton, T.W., and Sholes, M.A., 2003, Geologic and structure contour map of the Harlem 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 468, 7 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1548 Berg, R.B., 2002, Geologic map of the Cut Bank 30' x 60' quadrangle, northwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 454, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1615 Reynolds, M.W., and Brandt, T.R., 2007, Preliminary geologic map of the White Sulphur Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1329, scale 1:100,000. This report 1547 Bergantino, R.N., and Wilde, E.M., 1998, Preliminary geologic map of the Culbertson 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeastern Montana and northwestern North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 359, 5 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1546 Lopez, D.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Conrad 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 444, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1612 Reynolds, M.W., and Brandt, T.R., 2006, Preliminary geologic map of the Townsend 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1138, scale 1:100,000. This report 1607 Mudge, M.R., Earhart, R.L., Whipple, J.W., and Harrison, J.E., 1983, Geologic and structure maps of the Choteau 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, northwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Atlas 3-A, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1596 Lopez, D.A., 2001, Preliminary geologic map of the Red Lodge 30' x 60' quadrangle, south-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 423, 17 p., 1 sheet. This report 1549 Vuke, S.M., 2014, Preliminary geologic map of the Dearborn River 30' x 60' quadrangle, west-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 649, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1537 Vuke, S.M., Lonn, J.D., Berg, R.B., and Schmidt, C.J., 2014, Geologic map of the Bozeman 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 648, 44 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1554 McDonald, C., Mosolf, J.G., Vuke, S.M., and Lonn, J.D., 2020, Geologic map of the Elliston 30? x 60? quadrangle, west-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 77, 34 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1527 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Colton, R.B., and Bergantino, R.N., 2001, Geologic map of the Alzada 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 433, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1316 This Report This report 1173 Swinehart, J.B., Dreeszen, V.H., Richmond, G.M., Tipton, M.J., Bretz, Richard, Steece, F.V., Hallberg, G.R., and Goebel, J.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M., ed., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Platte River 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-14), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2008], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-14/ This report 1526 Digital database of the Montana state geologic map, submitted to STATEMAP in GeMS This report 1376 Hartshorn, J.H., Thompson, W.B., Chapman, W.F., Black, R.F., Richmond, G.M., Grant, D.R., and Fullerton, D.S., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Boston 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420(NK-19), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-19/ This report 1552 Skipp, Betty, Janecke, S.U., 2004, Geologic map of the Montana part of the Dubois 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwest Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 490, 12 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1284 Cadwell, D.H., Dineen, R.J., Connally, G.G., Fleisher, P.J., and Rich, J.L., 1987, Surficial geologic map of New York; Hudson-Mohawk sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1555 Kellogg, K.S., and Williams, V.S., 2006, Geologic map of the Ennis 30' x 60' quadrangle, Madison and Gallatin counties, Montana, and Park County, Wyoming: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 529, 27 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1095 Martin, J.E., Sawyer, J.F., Fahrenbach, M.D., Tomhave, D.W., and Schulz, L.D., 2004, Geologic map of South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey General Map G-10, scale 1:500,000. This report 1191 Pope, D.E., Gilliland, W.A., and Wermund, E.G., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Weide, D.L., and Moore, D.W., eds., 1990, Quaternary geologic map of the White Lake 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-15), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-15/ This report 1588 Porter, K.W., and Wilde, E.M, 1999, Geologic map of the Musselshell 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 386, 22 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1160 Lineback, J.A., Bleuer, N.K., Mickelson, D.M., Ferrand, W.R., and Goldthwait, R.P., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1983, Quaternary geologic map of the Chicago 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-16/ This report 1285 Cadwell, D.H., et al., 1991, Surficial geologic map of New York; Adirondack sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1551 Bergantino, R.N., 2001, Geologic map of the Dodson 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 439, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1652 Lewis, R.S., Link, P.K., Stanford, L.R., and Long, S.P., 2012, Geologic map of Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey, Map M-9, scale 1:750,000. This report 1400 Thompson, Woodrow B., and Borns, Harold W., Jr. (editors), 1985, Surficial geologic map of Maine: Maine Geological Survey, 42" x 52" color map, scale 1:500,000. Maine Geological Survey Maps. 15. http://digitalmaine.com/mgs_maps/15 This report 1209 Goebel, J.E., Mickelson, D.M., Ferrand, W.R., Clayton, Lee, Knox, J.C., Cahow, Adam, Hobbs, H.C., Walton, M.S., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1983, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Minneapolis 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey iscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420(NL-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2007], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-15/ This report 1257 Scott, T.M., Knapp, M.S., Friddell, M.S., and Weide, D.L, compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Jacksonville 4° × 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-17/ This report 1528 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2003, Geologic map of the Angela 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 485, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1580 Berg, R.B., Lopez, D.A., and Lonn, J.D., 2000, Geologic map of the Livingston 30' x 60' quadrangle, south-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 406, 21 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1586 Lonn, J.D., McDonald, C., Sears, J.W., and Smith, L.N., 2010, Geologic map of the Missoula East 30' x 60' quadrangle, western Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 593, 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1035 Tweto, Ogden, 1979, Geologic map of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1529 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Colton, R.B., and Stickney, M.C., 2001, Geologic map of the Baker 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 427, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1556 Vuke, S.M., Bergantino, R.N., Colton, R.B., Wilde, E.M., and Heffern, E.L., 2001, Geologic map of the Forsyth 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 425, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1291 This Report This report 1532 Lopez, D.A., 2000, Geologic map of the Big Timber 30' x 60' quadrangle, south-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 405, 17 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1320 Farrand, W.R., and Bell, D.L., 1982, Quaternary Geology of Northern Michigan: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Geological Survey, Geological Publication QG-01, scale 1:500,000 This report 1297 Combination of multiple sources: Cadwell, D.H., et al., 1991, Surficial geologic map of New York; Adirondack sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets|Jackson, R.L, and Doctor, D.H., 2023, A geodatabase representing a compilation of Cadwell, D.H., and others, 1991, Surficial Geology of New York; New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets.: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KM842E This report 1065 Kansas Geological Survey, 2008, Surficial Geology of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Map M-118, scale 1:500,000 This report 1610 Vuke, S.M., and Colton, R.B., 2003, Geologic map of the Terry 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 477, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1281 Fullerton, D.S., Sevon, W.D., Muller, E.H., Judson, Sheldon, Black, R.F., Wagner, P.W., Hartshorn, J.H., Chapman, W.F., and Cowan, W.D., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., ed., 1992, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Hudson River 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2005], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-18/ This report 1669 Pavey, R. R.; Goldthwait, R. P.; Brockman, S. C., Hull, D. N., Swinford, E. M., and Van Horn, R.G, 1999, Quaternary Geology of Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey, Map No. 2, scale 1:500,000 This report 1539 Vuke, S.M., Heffern, E.L., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Broadus 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 432, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1197 Holbrook, D.F., Gilliland, W.A., Luza, K.V., Pope, D.E., Wermund, E.G., Miller, R.A., Bush, W.V., Jensen, K.N., and Fishman, W.D., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Weide, D.L., eds., 1990, Quaternary geologic map of the Vicksburg 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map-1420 (NI-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-15/ This report 1239 Farrand, W.R., Mickelson, D.M., Cowan, W.R., and Goebel, J.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1984, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Superior 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-16/ This report 1565 Lonn, J.D., and Berg, R.B., 1996, Geologic map of the Hamilton 30' x 60' quadrangle, western Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 340, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1584 Vuke, S.M., and Wilde, E.M., 2004, Geologic map of the Melstone 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 513, 12 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1084 Snead, J.I., and McCulloh, R.P., 1984, Geologic Map of Louisiana: Louisiana Geological Survey Geologic Map 5, scale 1:500,000. This report 1559 Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2004, Geologic and structure contour map of the Fort Peck Lake West 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 499, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1579 Lonn, J.D., Skipp, B., Ruppel, E.T., Janecke, S.U., Perry Jr., W.J., Sears, J.W., Bartholomew, M.J., Stickney, M.C., Fritz, W.J., Hurlow, H.A., and Thomas, R.C., 2000, Geologic map of the Lima 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwest Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 408, 42 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1541 McDonald, C., Elliott, C.G., Vuke, S.M., Lonn, J.D., and Berg, R.B., 2012, Geologic map of the Butte South 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 622, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1606 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., and Smith, L.N., 2003, Geologic and structure contour map of the Sidney 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 478, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1623 Harrison, J.E., Cressman, E.R., and Whipple, J.W., 1992, Geologic and structure maps of the Kalispell 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana, and Alberta and British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2267, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1568 Wilde, E.M., and Porter, K.W., 2001, Geologic map of the Harlowton 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 434, 20 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1538 Lopez, D.A., 2000, Geologic map of the Bridger 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 58, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1622 Bergantino, R.N., and Wilde, E.M., 1998, Preliminary geologic map of the Wolf Point 30' x 60' quadrangle: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 358, 5 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1535 Vuke, S.M., Heffern, E.L., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Birney 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 431, 12 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1263 Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Weide, D.L., eds., Colquhoun, D.J., Friddell, M.S., Wheeler, W.H., Daniels, R.B., Gregory, J.P., Miller, R.A., and Van Nostrand, A.K., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1987, Quaternary geologic map of the Savannah 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2013], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-17/ This report 1593 Bergantino, R.N., and Wilde, E.M., 1998, Preliminary geologic map of the Plentywood 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeast Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 361, 5 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1294 Combination of multiple sources: Cadwell, D.H., Connally, G.G., Dineen, R.J., Fleisher, P.J., Fuller, M.L., Les Sirkin, M.L., and Wiles, G.C., 1989, Surficial geologic map of New York; Lower Hudson sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets|Jackson, R.L, and Doctor, D.H., 2023, A geodatabase representing a compilation of Cadwell, D.H., and others, 1991, Surficial Geology of New York; New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets.: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KM842E This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. MapUnitPolys_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. MapSourceID Identifies source map. Foreign key to DataSources table. This Report Unrepresentable domain Source_MapUnit Short, easily understood ASCII-character identifier for the source map unit. Prefixed with a MapSourceID value (from Source_DescriptionOfMapUnits) to differentiate identically-named source map units from different source maps. Otherwise conceptually equivalent to the "MapUnit" field in the GeMS "DescriptionOfMapUnits" table. This Report Unrepresentable domain ContactsAndFaults Contacts between map units, faults that bound map units, and associated dangling faults. Includes concealed faults and contacts, waterlines, snowfield and glacier boundaries, and map boundary. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Length Internal feature length, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS reverse fault A fault on which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall. The dip of the fault is usually greater than 45°. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. detachment fault A regionally extensive, gently dipping normal fault that is commonly associated with extension in a metamorphic core complex. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. normal fault A fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall. The angle of the fault is usually 45-90 degrees, and in most cases close to 60 degrees. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. shoreline A line delineating the boundary of a body of water, such as a river, lake, or the ocean This Report internal contact A planar or irregular surface separating different portions of the same geologic map unit, such as individual landslide blocks with a mapped landslide, or separately emplaced portions of a composite plutonic unit. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. oblique-slip fault, left lateral offset A fault on which the net slip has dip slip and strike slip components, and the side opposite the observer has been displaced to the left. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. glacial terminus The lower margin or extremity of a glacier, referring to the maximum extent (limit) reached by the glacier. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. thrust fault A fault with a dip of 45° or less over much of its extent, on which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. strike-slip fault, right lateral offset A strike-slip fault on which the side opposite the observer has been displaced to the right. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. oblique-slip fault, right lateral offset A fault on which the net slip has dip slip and strike slip components, and the side opposite the observer has been displaced to the right. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. low-angle normal fault A fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall. The angle of the fault is less than 45 degrees. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. map boundary The boundary of the map. In a GIS database, the line that bounds the outer extent of the polygons. This Report strike-slip fault, left lateral offset A strike-slip fault on which the side opposite the observer has been displaced to the left. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. shear zone A discrete, parallel-sided zone of localized shearing displacement, which may be recognized by sigmoidal mineral-filled veins, locally well-developed cleavage or foliation, wholesale grain-size reduction or mylonitization, or some combination of these features. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. gradational contact A contact defined by a gradual or continuous lithologic change from one geologic map unit to another. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. fault A discrete surface or zone of discrete surfaces separating two rock masses across which one mass has slid past the other. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. scratch boundary Arbitrary, non-physical boundary between map units on a geologic map. For example, between an undivided unit and its subunits, or between different names for the same package of rocks. This Report contact A plane or irregular surface between two types or ages of rock. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. IsConcealed Flag for contacts and faults covered by overlying map unit. GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationConfidenceMeters Estimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. ExistenceConfidence Confidence that feature exists. GeMS questionable Identity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault." Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. IdentityConfidence Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS questionable Identity of a feature cannot be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. For example, IdentityConfidence = questionable is appropriate when a geologist reasons "I can see some kind of planar feature that separates map units in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault." Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS 1251 Scott, T.M., Knapp, M.S., and Weide, D.L, compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Florida Keys 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NG-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2010], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ng-17/ This report 1032 Haley, B.R., Glick, E.E., Bush, W.V., Clardy, B.F., Stone, C.G., Woodward, M.B., and Zachry, D.L., 1993, Geologic map of Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. This report 674 Mudrey Jr., M.G., Brown, B.A., Greenberg, J.K., 1982, Bedrock Geologic Map of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Map M-078, scale 1:1,000,000. This report 1340 Fullerton, D.S., Cowan, W.R., Savon, W.D., Goldthwait, R.P., Ferrand, W.R., Muller, E.H., Bahling, R.E., and Stravers, J.A., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., and Richmond, G.M., eds.; 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-17/ This report 1624 Porter, K.W., and Wilde, E.M., 2001, Geologic map of the Zortman 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 438, 16 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1542 Reynolds, M.W., and Brandt, T.R., 2005, Geologic map of the Canyon Ferry Dam 30' x 60' quadrangle, west-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2860, 32 p., 3 sheets, scale 1:100,000. . This report 1595 Vuke, S.M., Heffern, E.L., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Powderville 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 429, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1613 Berg, R.B., 2002, Geologic map of the Valier 30' x 60' quadrangle, northwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 453, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1582 Lopez, D.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Lonesome Lake 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 446, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 838 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2003, Geologic map of New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Geologic Map, scale 1:500,000 This report 1619 Wilde, E.M., and Porter, K.W., 2002, Geologic map of the Winifred 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 437, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1589 Berg, R.B., and Lonn, J.D., 1996, Preliminary geologic map of the Nez Perce Pass 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 339, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1530 Vuke, S.M., Berg, R.B., Colton, R.B., and O'Brien, H.E., 2002, Geologic map of the Belt 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 450, 19 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1414 Farrand, W.R., and Bell, D.L., 1982, Quaternary Geology of Southern Michigan: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Geological Survey, Geological Publication QG-01, scale 1:500,000 This report 1311 US Census State Borders This report 856 Heran, W.D., Green, G.N., and Stoeser, D.B., A digital geologic map database for Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-247, scale 1:250,000. This report 1614 Lonn, J.D., and McFaddan, M.D., 1999, Geologic map of the Montana part of the Wallace 30' x 60' quadrangle: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 388, 15 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 929 Clayton, L., Moran, S.R., Bluemle, J.P., and Carlson, C.G., 1980, Geologic map of North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1417 U.S. Geological Survey, 2014, USGS Small-scale Dataset - 1:1,000,000-Scale Coastline of the United States 201403 Shapefile: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/581d051de4b08da350d523be. This report 1563 Vuke, S.M., Colton, R.B., and Fullerton, D.S., 2002, Geologic map of the Great Falls North 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 459, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 958 US Census State Borders This report 1227 Copeland, C.W., Jr., Rheams, K.F., Neathery, T.L., Gilliland, W.A., Schmidt, Walter, Clark, W.C., Jr., and Pope, D.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1988, Quaternary geologic map of the Mobile 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2010], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-16/ This report 976 US Census State Borders This report 1036 US Census State Borders This report 1626 Vuke, S.M., Porter, K.W., Lonn, J.D., and Lopez, D.A., 2007, Geologic map of Montana [Earth surface version]: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 62, scale 1:500,000 This report 1309 Gray, H.H., 1989, Quaternary geologic map of Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Map 49, scale 1:500,000 This report 1089 US Census State Borders This report 1574 Harrison, J.E., Cressman, E.R., and Whipple, J.W., 1992, Geologic and structure maps of Kalispell 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Alberta, British Columbia: United States Geological Survey USGS Miscellaneous Geologic Investigation 2267, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 673 U.S. Geological Survey, 2014, USGS Small-scale Dataset - 1:1,000,000-Scale Coastline of the United States 201403 Shapefile: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/581d051de4b08da350d523be. This report 1560 Berg, R.B., Lonn, J.D., and Locke, W.W., 1999, Geologic map of the Gardiner 30' x 60' quadrangle, south-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 387, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1020 Richard, S.M., Reynolds, S.J., Spencer, J.E., and Pearthree, P.A., 2000, Geologic Map of Arizona: Arizona Geological Survey, Map 35, scale 1:1,000,000. This report 1566 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2000, Geologic map of the Hardin 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 57, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1587 Lewis, R.S., 1998, Preliminary geologic map of the Montana part of the Missoula West 30' x 60' quadrangle: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 373, 20 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1583 Bergantino, R.N., 1999, Geologic and structure contour maps of the Malta 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 389, 4 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1592 Lonn, J.D., Smith, L.N., and McCulloch, R.B., 2007, Geologic map of the Plains 30' x 60' quadrangle, western Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 554, 43 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1597 Wilde, E.M., and Smith, L.N., 2003, Geologic and structure contour map of the Richey 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 475, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1545 Vuke, S.M., Hargrave, P.A., and Smith, L.N., 2011, Geologic map of the Circle 30' x 60' quadrangle Dawson, McCone, and Prairie counties, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 597, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1564 Vuke, S.M., 2000, Geologic map of the Great Falls South 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 407, 18 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1569 Sholes, M.A., and Bergantino, R.N., 2002, Geologic map of the Havre 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 467, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1575 Vuke, S.M., Heffern, E.L., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Lame Deer 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 428, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1536 Miller, F.K., and Burmester, R.F., 2004, Geologic map of the Bonner's Ferry 30' X 60' quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MP-2426, scale 1:100,000. This report 1608 Harrison, J.E., Whipple, J.W., and Lidke, D.J., 1998, Geologic map of the western part of the Cut Bank 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2593, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. This report 1286 Muller, E.H., Cadwell, D.H., Connally, G.G., Young, R.A., 1986, Surficial geologic map of New York; Finger Lakes sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1558 Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2004, Geologic and structure contour map of the Fort Peck Lake East 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 498, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1577 Porter, K.W., and Wilde, E.M., 1993, Geologic map of the Lewistown 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 308, 22 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1561 Bergantino, R.N., 1999, Geologic map of the Glasgow 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeast Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 390, 4 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1113 Barnes, V.E. (project supervisor), Hartmann, B.A., and Scranton, D.F. (cartography), 1992, Geologic Map of Texas: The University of Texas at Austin, Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, scale 1:500,000. This report 1611 Harrison, J.E., Griggs, A.B., and Wells, J.D., 1986, Geologic and structure maps of the Wallace 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1509-A, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1287 Cadwell, D.H., Connally, G.G., Fleisher, P.J., Muller, E.H., 1988, Surficial geologic map of New York; Niagara sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1591 Lonn, J.D., McDonald, C., Lewis, R.S., Kalakay, T.J., O'Neill, J.M., Berg, R.B., and Hargrave, P., 2003, Geologic map of the Philipsburg 30' x 60' quadrangle, western Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 483, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1233 Miller, R.A., Maher, S.W., Copeland, Jr., C.W., Rheams, K.F., Neathery, T.L., Gilliland, W.A., Friddell, M.S., Van Nostrand, A.K., Wheeler, W.H., Holbrook, D.F., and Bush, W.V., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1988, Quaternary geologic map of the Lookout Mountain 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-16), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2013], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-16/ This report 1605 Mudge, M.R., Earhart, R.L., Whipple, J.W., and Harrison, J.E., 1983, Geologic and structure maps of the Choteau 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, northwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Atlas 3-A, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 611 US Census State Borders This report 1590 Bergantino, R.N., 2001, Geologic and structure contour map of the Opheim 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeast Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 440, 6 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1618 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Colton, R.B., and Stickney, M.C., 2003, Geologic map of the Wibaux 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 465, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1303 US Census State Borders This report 1544 Berg, R.B., 2008, Geologic map of the Choteau 30' x 60' quadrangle, north central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 571, 16 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 645 US Census State Borders This report 1601 Lonn,J.D., Elliott, C.G., Lewis, R.S., Burmester, R.F., McFaddan, M.D., Stanford, L.R., and Jänecke, S.U., 2019, Geologic map of the Montana part of the Salmon 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 75, 28 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1306 Minnesota Geologic Survey, D-01 database of Surficial Geology Of Minnesota, https://mngs-umn.opendata.arcgis.com/apps/UMN::d-01-surficial-geology-of-minnesota/about, accessed November 1st, 2023 This report 1531 Porter, K.W., Wilde, E.M., and Vuke, S.M., 1996, Preliminary geologic map of the Big Snowy Mountains 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 341, 16 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1594 Harrison, J.E., Griggs, A.B., and Wells, J.D., 1986, Geologic and structure maps of the Wallace 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1509-A, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 630 US Census State Borders This report 1621 Ruppel, E.T., O'Neill, J.M., and Lopez, D.A., 1993, Geologic map of the Dillon 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 1803-H, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. This report 1620 Porter, K.W., and Wilde, E.M., 1993, Geologic map of the Winnett 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 307, 16 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1283 Cadwell, D.H., Connally, G.G., Dineen, R.J., Fleisher, P.J., Fuller, M.L., Les Sirkin, M.L., and Wiles, G.C., 1989, Surficial geologic map of New York; Lower Hudson sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1572 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2003, Geologic map of the Hysham 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 486, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1141 Gadd, N.R., Veillete, J.J., Fullerton, D.S., Wagner, P.W., and Chapman, W.F., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., ed., 1993, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Ottawa 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-18/ This report 1346 Borns, H.W., Gadd, N.R., LaSalle, Pierre, Martineau, Ghismond, Chauvin, Luc, Fullerton, D.S., Fulton, R.J., Chapman, W.F., Wagner, W.P., and Grant, D.R., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1987, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Quebec 4°x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-19), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-19/ This report 1609 Lopez, D.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Sweet Grass Hills 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 443, 18 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1292 US Census State Borders This report 1388 Gray, H.H., Bleuer, N.K., Lineback, J.A., Swadley, W.C., Richmond, G.M., Miller, R.A., Goldthwait, R.P., and Ward, R.A. compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Bush, C.A., eds., 1991, Quaternary geologic map of the Louisville 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-16/ This report 1382 Cleaves, E.T., Glaser, J.D., Howard, A.D., Johnson, G.H., Wheeler, W.H., Sevon, W.D., Sheldon, J., Owens, J.P., Peebles, P.C., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1987, Quaternary geologic map of the Chesapeake Bay 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-18), [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-18/ This report 1600 Wilde, E.M., and Porter, K.W., 2000, Geologic map of the Roundup 30' X 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 404, 14 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1617 Bergantino, R.N., 2003, Geologic and structure contour map of the Whitewater 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 471, 6 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1604 Bergantino, R.N., and Wilde, E.M., 1998, Preliminary geologic and structure contour map of the Scobey 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 360, 5 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1406 US Census State Borders This report 1616 Harrison, J.E., Cressman, E.R., and Whipple, J.W., 1992, Geologic and structure maps of the Kalispell 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana, and Alberta and British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2267, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1221 Whitfield, J.W., Ward, R.A., Denne, J.E., Holbrook, D.F., Bush, W.V., Lineback, J.A., Luza, K.V., Jensen, K.M., and Fishman, W.D., compilers, Richmond, G.M. and Weide, D.L., eds., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Ozark Plateau 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-15), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-15/ This report 1603 Lewis, R.S., Burmester, R.F., Breckenridge, R.M., McFaddan, M.D., and Phillips, W.M., 2008, Preliminary geologic map of the Sandpoint 30' x 60' quadrangle, Idaho and Montana, and the Idaho part of the Chewelah 30' x 60' quadrangle: Idaho Geological Survey, Digital Web Map DWM-94, scale 1:100,000. This report 1166 Lineback, J.A., 1979, Quaternary deposits of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. This report 1134 Johnson, G.H., and Peebles, P.C., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., and Bush, C.A., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Hatteras 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-18/ This report 671 US Census State Borders This report 833 US Census State Borders This report 1408 Walker, G.W., and MacLeod, N.S., 1991, Geologic map of Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1573 Wilde, E.M., and Vuke, S.M., 2004, Geologic map of the Jordan 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 514, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1576 Ruppel, E.T., 1998, Geologic map of the eastern part of the Leadore 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 372, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 635 US Census State Borders This report 1570 O'Neill, J.M., and Christiansen, R.L., 2002, Geologic map of the Hebgen Lake 30' x 60' quadrangle, Beaverhead, Madison, and Gallatin counties, Montana, Park and Teton counties, Wyoming, and Clark and Fremont Counties, Idaho: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 464, 21 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1550 Ruppel, E.T., O'Neill, J.M., and Lopez, D.A., 1993, Geologic map of the Dillon 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 1803-H, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. This report 895 US Census State Borders This report 1098 US Census State Borders This report 1319 US Census State Borders This report 1128 Howard, A.D., Behling, R.E., Wheeler, W.H., Daniels, R.B., Swadley, W.C., Goldthwait, R.P., Fullerton, D.S., Sevon, W.D., Miller, R.A., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Christiansen, A.C., eds., 1991, Quaternary geologic map of the Blue Ridge 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States Map I-1420 (NJ-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-17/ This report 1534 Lopez, D.A., 2000, Geologic map of the Billings 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 59, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1578 Harrison, J.E., Cressman, E.R., and Whipple, J.W., 1992, Geologic and structure maps of the Kalispell 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana, and Alberta and British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2267, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 927 US Census State Borders This report 1643 US Census State Borders This report 1571 Harrison, J.E., Whipple, J.W., and Lidke, D.J., 1998, Geologic map of the western part of the Cut Bank 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2593, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. This report 1082 US Census State Borders This report 1185 Hallberg, G.R., Lineback, J.A., Mickelson, D.M., Knox, J.C., Goebel, J.E., Hobbs, H.C., Whitfield, J.W., Ward, R.A., Boellstorff, J.D., Swinehart, J.B., and Dreeszen, V.H., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Christiansen, A.C., eds., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Des Moines 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2008], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-15/ This report 1164 US Census State Borders This report 1602 Wilde, E.M., and Vuke. S.M., 2004, Geologic map of the Sand Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 515, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 951 US Census State Borders This report 896 Hintze, L.F., 1980, Geologic map of Utah: Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Map A-1, scale 1:500,000. This report 1632 Schuster, J.E., 2005, Geologic map of Washington State: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Geologic Map GM-53, scale 1:500,000. This report 1599 Bergantino, R.N., Porter, K.W., and Hearn Jr., B.C., 2002, Geologic map of the Rocky Boy 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 451, 16 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1585 Vuke, S.M., Luft, S.J., Colton, R.B., and Heffern, E.L., 2001, Geologic map of the Miles City 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 426, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1112 US Census State Borders This report 835 Stewart, J.H, and Carlson, J.E., 1978, Geologic Map of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1553 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Ekalaka 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North and South Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 430, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1581 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Lopez, D.A., and Bergantino, R.N., 2000, Geologic map of the Lodge Grass 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 56, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1664 US Census State Borders This report 1562 Vuke, S.M., and Colton R.B., 1998, Geologic map of the Glendive 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 371, 8 p., scale 1:100,000. This report 1543 Lopez, D.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Chester 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 445, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1598 McDonald, C., Lopez, D.A., Berg, R.B., and Gibson, R.I., 2005, Preliminary geologic map of the Ringling 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 511, 27 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1533 Evans, K.V ., and Green, G.N., 2003, Geologic map of the Salmon National Forest and vicinity, east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2765, 1 sheet, scale: 1:100,000. This report 1540 Scarberry, K.C., Elliott, C.G., and Yakovlev, P.V., 2019, Geology of the Butte North 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwest Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 715, 30 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1557 Berg, R.B., and Vuke, S.M., 2002, Geologic map of the Fort Benton 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 460, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1666 Jennings, C.W., Gutierrez, C., Bryant, W., Saucedo, G., and Wills, C., 2010, Geologic Map of California: California Geological Survey Geologic Data Map GDM-2.2010 This report 871 Love, J.D., and Christiansen, A.C., 1985, Geologic map of Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1629 US Census State Borders This report 1567 Bergantino, R.N., Patton, T.W., and Sholes, M.A., 2003, Geologic and structure contour map of the Harlem 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 468, 7 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1548 Berg, R.B., 2002, Geologic map of the Cut Bank 30' x 60' quadrangle, northwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 454, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1052 US Census State Borders This report 1615 Reynolds, M.W., and Brandt, T.R., 2007, Preliminary geologic map of the White Sulphur Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1329, scale 1:100,000. This report 1044 US Census State Borders This report 1547 Bergantino, R.N., and Wilde, E.M., 1998, Preliminary geologic map of the Culbertson 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeastern Montana and northwestern North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 359, 5 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 881 US Census State Borders This report 1638 US Census State Borders This report 1546 Lopez, D.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Conrad 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 444, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 907 US Census State Borders This report 1029 US Census State Borders This report 1612 Reynolds, M.W., and Brandt, T.R., 2006, Preliminary geologic map of the Townsend 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1138, scale 1:100,000. This report 1607 Mudge, M.R., Earhart, R.L., Whipple, J.W., and Harrison, J.E., 1983, Geologic and structure maps of the Choteau 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, northwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Atlas 3-A, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1596 Lopez, D.A., 2001, Preliminary geologic map of the Red Lodge 30' x 60' quadrangle, south-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 423, 17 p., 1 sheet. This report 1549 Vuke, S.M., 2014, Preliminary geologic map of the Dearborn River 30' x 60' quadrangle, west-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 649, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1527 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Colton, R.B., and Bergantino, R.N., 2001, Geologic map of the Alzada 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 433, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1537 Vuke, S.M., Lonn, J.D., Berg, R.B., and Schmidt, C.J., 2014, Geologic map of the Bozeman 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 648, 44 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1554 McDonald, C., Mosolf, J.G., Vuke, S.M., and Lonn, J.D., 2020, Geologic map of the Elliston 30? x 60? quadrangle, west-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 77, 34 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 664 US Census State Borders This report 1639 U.S. Geological Survey, 2014, USGS Small-scale Dataset - 1:1,000,000-Scale Coastline of the United States 201403 Shapefile: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/581d051de4b08da350d523be. This report 1173 Swinehart, J.B., Dreeszen, V.H., Richmond, G.M., Tipton, M.J., Bretz, Richard, Steece, F.V., Hallberg, G.R., and Goebel, J.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M., ed., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Platte River 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-14), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2008], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-14/ This report 843 US Census State Borders This report 1526 Digital database of the Montana state geologic map, submitted to STATEMAP in GeMS This report 1376 Hartshorn, J.H., Thompson, W.B., Chapman, W.F., Black, R.F., Richmond, G.M., Grant, D.R., and Fullerton, D.S., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Boston 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420(NK-19), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-19/ This report 1552 Skipp, Betty, Janecke, S.U., 2004, Geologic map of the Montana part of the Dubois 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwest Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 490, 12 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1284 Cadwell, D.H., Dineen, R.J., Connally, G.G., Fleisher, P.J., and Rich, J.L., 1987, Surficial geologic map of New York; Hudson-Mohawk sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1555 Kellogg, K.S., and Williams, V.S., 2006, Geologic map of the Ennis 30' x 60' quadrangle, Madison and Gallatin counties, Montana, and Park County, Wyoming: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 529, 27 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1095 Martin, J.E., Sawyer, J.F., Fahrenbach, M.D., Tomhave, D.W., and Schulz, L.D., 2004, Geologic map of South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey General Map G-10, scale 1:500,000. This report 1191 Pope, D.E., Gilliland, W.A., and Wermund, E.G., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Weide, D.L., and Moore, D.W., eds., 1990, Quaternary geologic map of the White Lake 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-15), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-15/ This report 1588 Porter, K.W., and Wilde, E.M, 1999, Geologic map of the Musselshell 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 386, 22 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1160 Lineback, J.A., Bleuer, N.K., Mickelson, D.M., Ferrand, W.R., and Goldthwait, R.P., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1983, Quaternary geologic map of the Chicago 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-16/ This report 1285 Cadwell, D.H., et al., 1991, Surficial geologic map of New York; Adirondack sheet: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series 40, scale 1:250,000, 5 sheets This report 1551 Bergantino, R.N., 2001, Geologic map of the Dodson 30' x 60' quadrangle, north-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 439, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1400 Thompson, Woodrow B., and Borns, Harold W., Jr. (editors), 1985, Surficial geologic map of Maine: Maine Geological Survey, 42" x 52" color map, scale 1:500,000. Maine Geological Survey Maps. 15. http://digitalmaine.com/mgs_maps/15 This report 1209 Goebel, J.E., Mickelson, D.M., Ferrand, W.R., Clayton, Lee, Knox, J.C., Cahow, Adam, Hobbs, H.C., Walton, M.S., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1983, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Minneapolis 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey iscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420(NL-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2007], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-15/ This report 1528 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2003, Geologic map of the Angela 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 485, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1257 Scott, T.M., Knapp, M.S., Friddell, M.S., and Weide, D.L, compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Jacksonville 4° × 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-17/ This report 1656 US Census State Borders This report 1580 Berg, R.B., Lopez, D.A., and Lonn, J.D., 2000, Geologic map of the Livingston 30' x 60' quadrangle, south-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 406, 21 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 606 Tiger US State 2021 (tl_2021_us_state.SHP) This report 1586 Lonn, J.D., McDonald, C., Sears, J.W., and Smith, L.N., 2010, Geologic map of the Missoula East 30' x 60' quadrangle, western Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 593, 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 1035 Tweto, Ogden, 1979, Geologic map of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1401 US Census State Borders This report 1529 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., Colton, R.B., and Stickney, M.C., 2001, Geologic map of the Baker 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 427, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1556 Vuke, S.M., Bergantino, R.N., Colton, R.B., Wilde, E.M., and Heffern, E.L., 2001, Geologic map of the Forsyth 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 425, 11 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1291 This Report This report 596 US Census State Borders This report 1532 Lopez, D.A., 2000, Geologic map of the Big Timber 30' x 60' quadrangle, south-central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 405, 17 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1320 Farrand, W.R., and Bell, D.L., 1982, Quaternary Geology of Northern Michigan: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Geological Survey, Geological Publication QG-01, scale 1:500,000 This report 1065 Kansas Geological Survey, 2008, Surficial Geology of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Map M-118, scale 1:500,000 This report 649 US Census State Borders This report 869 US Census State Borders This report 1610 Vuke, S.M., and Colton, R.B., 2003, Geologic map of the Terry 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 477, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1281 Fullerton, D.S., Sevon, W.D., Muller, E.H., Judson, Sheldon, Black, R.F., Wagner, P.W., Hartshorn, J.H., Chapman, W.F., and Cowan, W.D., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., ed., 1992, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Hudson River 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2005], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-18/ This report 1669 Pavey, R. R.; Goldthwait, R. P.; Brockman, S. C., Hull, D. N., Swinford, E. M., and Van Horn, R.G, 1999, Quaternary Geology of Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey, Map No. 2, scale 1:500,000 This report 1021 US Census State Borders This report 847 US Census State Borders This report 1539 Vuke, S.M., Heffern, E.L., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Broadus 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 432, 13 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1197 Holbrook, D.F., Gilliland, W.A., Luza, K.V., Pope, D.E., Wermund, E.G., Miller, R.A., Bush, W.V., Jensen, K.N., and Fishman, W.D., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Weide, D.L., eds., 1990, Quaternary geologic map of the Vicksburg 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map-1420 (NI-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-15/ This report 1653 US Census State Borders This report 1239 Farrand, W.R., Mickelson, D.M., Cowan, W.R., and Goebel, J.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1984, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Superior 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-16/ This report 1584 Vuke, S.M., and Wilde, E.M., 2004, Geologic map of the Melstone 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 513, 12 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1565 Lonn, J.D., and Berg, R.B., 1996, Geologic map of the Hamilton 30' x 60' quadrangle, western Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 340, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1084 Snead, J.I., and McCulloh, R.P., 1984, Geologic Map of Louisiana: Louisiana Geological Survey Geologic Map 5, scale 1:500,000. This report 1559 Wilde, E.M., and Bergantino, R.N., 2004, Geologic and structure contour map of the Fort Peck Lake West 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 499, 8 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1579 Lonn, J.D., Skipp, B., Ruppel, E.T., Janecke, S.U., Perry Jr., W.J., Sears, J.W., Bartholomew, M.J., Stickney, M.C., Fritz, W.J., Hurlow, H.A., and Thomas, R.C., 2000, Geologic map of the Lima 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwest Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 408, 42 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. This report 854 US Census State Borders This report 1541 McDonald, C., Elliott, C.G., Vuke, S.M., Lonn, J.D., and Berg, R.B., 2012, Geologic map of the Butte South 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwestern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 622, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1606 Vuke, S.M., Wilde, E.M., and Smith, L.N., 2003, Geologic and structure contour map of the Sidney 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana and adjacent North Dakota: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 478, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1067 US Census State Borders This report 1538 Lopez, D.A., 2000, Geologic map of the Bridger 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Geologic Map 58, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1568 Wilde, E.M., and Porter, K.W., 2001, Geologic map of the Harlowton 30' x 60' quadrangle, central Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 434, 20 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 968 US Census State Borders This report 1622 Bergantino, R.N., and Wilde, E.M., 1998, Preliminary geologic map of the Wolf Point 30' x 60' quadrangle: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 358, 5 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1623 Harrison, J.E., Cressman, E.R., and Whipple, J.W., 1992, Geologic and structure maps of the Kalispell 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Montana, and Alberta and British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 2267, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. This report 1535 Vuke, S.M., Heffern, E.L., Bergantino, R.N., and Colton, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Birney 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 431, 12 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1673 US Census State Borders This report 636 U.S. Geological Survey, 2014, USGS Small-scale Dataset - 1:1,000,000-Scale Coastline of the United States 201403 Shapefile: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/581d051de4b08da350d523be. This report 1263 Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Weide, D.L., eds., Colquhoun, D.J., Friddell, M.S., Wheeler, W.H., Daniels, R.B., Gregory, J.P., Miller, R.A., and Van Nostrand, A.K., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1987, Quaternary geologic map of the Savannah 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2013], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-17/ This report 1593 Bergantino, R.N., and Wilde, E.M., 1998, Preliminary geologic map of the Plentywood 30' x 60' quadrangle, northeast Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 361, 5 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. This report 1415 US Census State Borders This report 1652 Lewis, R.S., Link, P.K., Stanford, L.R., and Long, S.P., 2012, Geologic map of Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey, Map M-9, scale 1:750,000. This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. ContactsAndFaults_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. MapSourceID Identifies source map. Foreign key to DataSources table. This Report Unrepresentable domain GeologicLines Lines that represent dikes, coal seams, ash beds, fold hinge-surface traces, isograds, and other linear features. All have these properties: (A) They do not participate in map-unit topology. (B) They correspond to features that exist within the Earth and may be concealed beneath younger, covering, material. (C) They are located with an accuracy that likely can be estimated. In the original file geodatabase, this dataset is found within the GeologicMap feature dataset. GeMS OBJECTID Internal feature number ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape Internal geometry object ESRI Unrepresentable domain Shape_Length Internal feature length, double ESRI Unrepresentable domain Type Classifier that specifies what kind of geologic feature is represented by a database element: that a certain line within feature class ContactsAndFaults is a contact, or thrust fault, or water boundary; or that a point in GeochronPoints represents a K-Ar date. GeMS beach ridges A low, essentially continuous mound of beach or beach-and-dune material (sand, gravel, shingle) on the backshore of a beach beyond the present limit of storm waves or the reach of ordinary tides, and occurring singly or as one of a series of approximately parallel deposits. The ridges are roughly parallel to the shoreline and represent successive positions of an advancing shoreline. Called "cheniers" in southern Louisiana, for the oak trees that often grow on them. Jackson, J.A., Mehl, James P., and Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., 2007, Glossary of Geology: American Geosciences Institute, Alexandria VA, online ed. shoreline scarp A line of cliffs with lateral continuity produced by erosion along a shoreline. This Report limit of significant glacial advance The extent reached by the glacier during an interval of positive net balance. Often corresponds with significant sediment deposition. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. IsConcealed Flag for contacts and faults covered by overlying map unit. GeMS Unrepresentable domain LocationConfidenceMeters Estimated half-width in meters of positional uncertainty envelope; position is relative to other features in database. GeMS Positive real number. Value of -9, -99, or -999 indicates value is unknown. ExistenceConfidence Confidence that feature exists. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. IdentityConfidence Confidence that feature is correctly identified. GeMS certain Identity of a feature can be determined using relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one can be reasonably confident in the credibility of this interpretation. Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates. Symbol Reference to a point marker, line symbol, or area-fill symbol that is used on the map graphic to denote the feature: perhaps a star for a K-Ar age locality, or a heavy black line for a fault. GeMS Unrepresentable domain Label Plain-text equivalent of the desired annotation for a feature: for example "14 Ma", or "^c" which (when used with the FGDC GeoAge font) results in the geologic map-unit label TRc (with TR run together to make the Triassic symbol). GeMS Unrepresentable domain DataSourceID Source of data; foreign key to table DataSources. GeMS 1251 Scott, T.M., Knapp, M.S., and Weide, D.L, compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Florida Keys 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NG-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2010], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ng-17/ This report 1340 Fullerton, D.S., Cowan, W.R., Savon, W.D., Goldthwait, R.P., Ferrand, W.R., Muller, E.H., Bahling, R.E., and Stravers, J.A., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., and Richmond, G.M., eds.; 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Erie 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-17/ This report 1257 Scott, T.M., Knapp, M.S., Friddell, M.S., and Weide, D.L, compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Jacksonville 4° × 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-17/ This report 935 Gray, H.H., Ault, C.H., and Keller, S.J., 1987, Bedrock geologic map of Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey Miscellaneous Map 48, scale 1:500,000 This report 1065 Kansas Geological Survey, 2008, Surficial Geology of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Map M-118, scale 1:500,000 This report 1388 Gray, H.H., Bleuer, N.K., Lineback, J.A., Swadley, W.C., Richmond, G.M., Miller, R.A., Goldthwait, R.P., and Ward, R.A. compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Bush, C.A., eds., 1991, Quaternary geologic map of the Louisville 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-16/ This report 1382 Cleaves, E.T., Glaser, J.D., Howard, A.D., Johnson, G.H., Wheeler, W.H., Sevon, W.D., Sheldon, J., Owens, J.P., Peebles, P.C., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1987, Quaternary geologic map of the Chesapeake Bay 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-18), [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-18/ This report 929 Clayton, L., Moran, S.R., Bluemle, J.P., and Carlson, C.G., 1980, Geologic map of North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 This report 1419 Digital database of the Montana state geologic map, submitted to STATEMAP in GeMS This report 1281 Fullerton, D.S., Sevon, W.D., Muller, E.H., Judson, Sheldon, Black, R.F., Wagner, P.W., Hartshorn, J.H., Chapman, W.F., and Cowan, W.D., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., ed., 1992, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Hudson River 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2005], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-18/ This report 1669 Pavey, R. R.; Goldthwait, R. P.; Brockman, S. C., Hull, D. N., Swinford, E. M., and Van Horn, R.G, 1999, Quaternary Geology of Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey, Map No. 2, scale 1:500,000 This report 1221 Whitfield, J.W., Ward, R.A., Denne, J.E., Holbrook, D.F., Bush, W.V., Lineback, J.A., Luza, K.V., Jensen, K.M., and Fishman, W.D., compilers, Richmond, G.M. and Weide, D.L., eds., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Ozark Plateau 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NJ-15), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-15/ This report 1227 Copeland, C.W., Jr., Rheams, K.F., Neathery, T.L., Gilliland, W.A., Schmidt, Walter, Clark, W.C., Jr., and Pope, D.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1988, Quaternary geologic map of the Mobile 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2010], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-16/ This report 1166 Lineback, J.A., 1979, Quaternary deposits of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. This report 1134 Johnson, G.H., and Peebles, P.C., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., and Bush, C.A., eds., 1986, Quaternary geologic map of the Hatteras 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-18), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-18/ This report 1370 Moore, D.W., and Wermund, E.G, compilers; Moore, D.W., and Richmond, G.M., eds., 1993, Quaternary geologic map of the Monterrey 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NG-14), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2010], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ng-14/ This report 1239 Farrand, W.R., Mickelson, D.M., Cowan, W.R., and Goebel, J.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1984, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Lake Superior 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-16/ This report 1173 Swinehart, J.B., Dreeszen, V.H., Richmond, G.M., Tipton, M.J., Bretz, Richard, Steece, F.V., Hallberg, G.R., and Goebel, J.E., compilers; Richmond, G.M., ed., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Platte River 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-14), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2008], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-14/ This report 1128 Howard, A.D., Behling, R.E., Wheeler, W.H., Daniels, R.B., Swadley, W.C., Goldthwait, R.P., Fullerton, D.S., Sevon, W.D., Miller, R.A., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Christiansen, A.C., eds., 1991, Quaternary geologic map of the Blue Ridge 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States Map I-1420 (NJ-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-17/ This report 1191 Pope, D.E., Gilliland, W.A., and Wermund, E.G., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Weide, D.L., and Moore, D.W., eds., 1990, Quaternary geologic map of the White Lake 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NH-15), scale 1:1,000,000 [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2012], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-15/ This report 1376 Hartshorn, J.H., Thompson, W.B., Chapman, W.F., Black, R.F., Richmond, G.M., Grant, D.R., and Fullerton, D.S., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1991, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Boston 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420(NK-19), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2006], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-19/ This report 1185 Hallberg, G.R., Lineback, J.A., Mickelson, D.M., Knox, J.C., Goebel, J.E., Hobbs, H.C., Whitfield, J.W., Ward, R.A., Boellstorff, J.D., Swinehart, J.B., and Dreeszen, V.H., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Christiansen, A.C., eds., 1994, Quaternary geologic map of the Des Moines 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2008], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-15/ This report 1095 Martin, J.E., Sawyer, J.F., Fahrenbach, M.D., Tomhave, D.W., and Schulz, L.D., 2004, Geologic map of South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey General Map G-10, scale 1:500,000. This report 1160 Lineback, J.A., Bleuer, N.K., Mickelson, D.M., Ferrand, W.R., and Goldthwait, R.P., compilers; Richmond, G.M., and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1983, Quaternary geologic map of the Chicago 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NK-16), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2002], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nk-16/ This report 1209 Goebel, J.E., Mickelson, D.M., Ferrand, W.R., Clayton, Lee, Knox, J.C., Cahow, Adam, Hobbs, H.C., Walton, M.S., compilers; Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., 1983, Quaternary Geologic Map of the Minneapolis 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey iscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420(NL-15), scale 1:1,000,000, [Digital edition, 2007], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-15/ This report 1263 Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., and Weide, D.L., eds., Colquhoun, D.J., Friddell, M.S., Wheeler, W.H., Daniels, R.B., Gregory, J.P., Miller, R.A., and Van Nostrand, A.K., compilers; Richmond, G.M., Fullerton, D.S., Weide, D.L., eds., 1987, Quaternary geologic map of the Savannah 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-17), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2013], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ni-17/ This report 1203 Fullerton, D.S., Bluemle, L.C., Steece, F.V., Tipton, M.J., Bretz, Richard, and Goebel, J.E., compilers; Fullerton, D.S., ed., 1995, Quaternary geologic map of the Dakotas 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NL-14), scale 1:1,000,000, [Bush, C.A., Digital edition, 2011], https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nl-14/ This report Notes Additional information specific to a particular feature or table entry. GeMS Unrepresentable domain. Free text. Values of <null> or #null indicate no entry. GeologicLines_ID Primary key. GeMS Arbitrary string. Values should be unique within this database. MapSourceID Identifies source map. Foreign key to DataSources table. This Report Unrepresentable domain U.S. Geological Survey NGMDB mailing

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS 908

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