Identification_Information:

  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Geologic Information: Robert E. Powell
      Originator: Geologic Information: Jonathan C. Matti
      Originator: Digital Database: Pamela M. Cossette
      Publication_Date: 2000301
      Title:
        Geologic Map and Digital Database of the Cougar Buttes 7.5'
        Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California
      Edition: Version 1.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: USGS OF 00-175
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Menlo Park, California
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: <URL:http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of00-175>

  Description:

    Abstract:
      This data set maps and describes the geology of the Cougar Buttes 7.5'
      quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California. Created using
      Environmental Systems Research Institute's ARC/INFO software, the data
      base consists of the following items: (1) a map coverage showing
      geologic contacts and units, (2) a separate coverage layer showing
      structural data, (3) a scanned topographic base at a scale of 1:24,000,
      and (4) attribute tables for geologic units (polygons), contacts (arcs),
      and site-specific data (points). The data base is accompanied by a
      readme file and this metadata file. In addition, the data set includes
      the following graphic and text products: (1) A portable document file
      (.pdf) containing a browse-graphic of the geologic map on a 1:24,000
      topographic base. The map is accompanied by a marginal explanation
      consisting of a Description of Map Units (DMU), a Correlation of Map
      Units (CMU), and a key to point and line symbols. (2) Separate .pdf
      files of the DMU and CMU, individually. (3) A PostScript graphic
      plot-file containing the geologic map on a 1:24,000 topographic base
      accompanied by the marginal explanation. (4) A pamphlet that summarizes
      the late Cenozoic geology of the Cougar Buttes quadrangle.

      The geologic map data base contains original U.S. Geological Survey data
      generated by detailed field observation and by interpretation of aerial
      photographs, including low-altitude color and black-and-white
      photographs and high-altitude infrared photographs. The map was created
      by transferring lines from the aerial photographs to a 1:24,000
      topographic base via a mylar orthophoto-quadrangle or by using a PG-2
      plotter. The map was then scribed, scanned, and imported into ARC/INFO,
      where the database was built. Within the database, geologic contacts
      are represented as lines (arcs), geologic units as polygons, and
      site-specific data as points. Polygon, arc, and point attribute tables
      (.pat, .aat, and .pat, respectively) uniquely identify each geologic
      datum and link it to other tables (.rel) that provide more detailed
      geologic information.

    Purpose:

      The data set for the Cougar Buttes quadrangle has been prepared by the
      Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), a cooperative project
      sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the California
      Division of Mines and Geology, as part of an ongoing effort to utilize a
      Geographical Information System (GIS) format to create a regional
      digital geologic database for southern California. This regional
      database is being developed as a contribution to the National Geologic
      Map Data Base of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of
      the USGS. Development of the data set for the Cougar Buttes quadrangle
      has also been supported by the Mojave Water Agency and U.S. Forest
      Service, San Bernardino National Forest.

      The digital geologic map database for the Cougar Buttes quadrangle has
      been created as a general-purpose data set that is applicable to other
      land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. In
      cooperation with the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological
      Survey, we have used our mapping in the Cougar Buttes and adjoining
      quadrangles together with well log data to develop a hydrogeologic
      framework for the basin. In an effort to understand surficial processes
      and to provide a base suitable for ecosystem assessment, we have
      differentiated surficial veneers on piedmont and pediment surfaces and
      distinguished the various substrates found beneath these veneers.
      Currently, the geologic database for the Cougar Buttes quadrangle is
      being applied in groundwater investigations in the Lucerne Valley basin
      (USGS, Water Resources Division), in biological species studies of the
      Cushenbury Canyon area (U.S. Forest Service, San Bernardino National
      Forest), and in the study of soils on various Quaternary landscape
      surfaces on the north piedmont of the San Bernardino Mountains
      (University of New Mexico). The Cougar Buttes database is not suitable
      for site-specific geologic evaluations at scales greater than 1:24,000
      (1 in = 2,000 ft).

  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 2000
    Currentness_Reference: New data

  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -116.87509313
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -116.74990687
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.49999995
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.37498407

  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: geologic map
      Theme_Keyword: geology
      Theme_Keyword: surficial geology
      Theme_Keyword: bedrock geology
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: California

      Place_Keyword: San Bernardino County
      Place_Keyword: Cougar Buttes 7.5' quadrangle
  Access_Constraints: None

  Use_Constraints:
    The Cougar Buttes 7.5' geologic-map database should be used to evaluate
    and understand the geologic character of the Cougar Buttes quadrangle as
    a whole.  The data should not be used for purposes of site-specific
    land-use planning or site-specific geologic evaluations.  The database
    is sufficiently detailed to identify and characterize many actual and
    potential geologic hazards represented by faults and landslides.
    However, it is not sufficiently detailed for site-specific
    determinations or evaluations of those features.  Faults shown do not
    take the place of fault-rupture hazard zones designated by the
    California State Geologist (see Hart, 1988).

    Use of the Cougar Buttes geologic-map database should not violate the
    spatial resolution of the data.  Although the digital form of the data
    removes the constraint imposed by the scale of any derivative maps, the
    detail and accuracy issues inherent in map scale limitations are also
    present in the digital data.  The fact that this database was edited at
    a scale of 1:24,000 means that higher-resolution data generally are not
    present in the dataset.  Plotting at scales larger than 1:24,000 will
    not yield greater, real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale
    irregularities beyond the intended resolution of the database.
    Similarly, although higher-resolution data is incorporated at a few
    places, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the
    lower-resolution data.

    This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with
    U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American
    Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
    descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
    Government.

    Hart, E. W., 1988, Fault-rupture zones in California; Alquist-Priolo
    Special Studies Zones Act of 1972 with index to special studies zones
    maps: California Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42

  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Robert E. Powell
        Contact_Organization: U.S.Geological Survey, Western Region, Earth Surface Processes Team
      Contact_Position: Project geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address:
          U.S. Geological Survey
          Room 202
          West 904 Riverside Avenue
        City: Spokane
        State_or_Province: Washington
        Postal_Code: 99201-1087
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (509) 368-3120
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (509) 368-3199
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rpowell@usgs.gov

  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: coug_browse.jpg
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
      The browse graphic file contains a navigable image of the geologic
      map, topographic base, Correlation of Map Units, Description of Map
      Units and key to point and line symbols.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: jpg


  Data_Set_Credit:
    Our representation and interpretation of the surficial
    geology in the Cougar Buttes quadrangle has benefited from
    discussions about surficial processes in general and soils
    in particular with Leslie D. McFadden and Martha C. Eppes.
    Visits to soil pits dug by Martha C. Eppes and discussion of
    her findings in and around the Cougar Buttes quadrangle have
    contributed to our understanding of age and shallow
    subsurface relations among various units.

    Interpretation of the subsurface geology was made possible
    by access to water-monitoring well records provided by the
    Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey and
    by water-monitoring and water well records provided by the
    Mojave Water Agency and the California Department of Water
    Resources. Roland Hall retrieved the available records from
    the latter two agencies. Our interpretation of subsurface
    relations was enhanced by discussions with Jill N.
    Densmore-Judy and Peter Martin.

    In our mapping in the Cougar Buttes quadrangle, we were guided
    in part by the findings of previously published maps: (1)
    1:24,000-scale mapping of the Blackhawk landslide by Shreve
    (1968), (2) 1:24,000-scale mapping of the quadrangle by Sadler
    (1982), and (3) 1:62,500-scale mapping of the quadrangle by
    Dibblee (1964).

    We thank Fred K. Miller for his notes and observations on
    plutonic rocks at various localities on Cougar Buttes, and for
    scribing the geologic map in preparation for scanning.

    Technical reviews by Scott C. Lundstrom and John C. Tinsley,
    III have led to significant improvements in the data base, the
    plot file, and in the discussion of the geology of the Cougar
    Buttes quadrangle in the accompanying summary pamphlet.

    Geologic mapping, topical studies, and digital preparation of
    this report were sponsored jointly by (1) the National
    Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological
    Survey, (2) the Mojave Water Agency, and (3) the U.S. Forest
    Service (San Bernardino National Forest). The U.S.  Geological
    Survey's Photogrammetric Plotter Laboratory in Denver,
    Colorado (James Messerich, photogrammetrist) supported the
    transfer of geologic linework and point data from aerial
    photographs to a scale-stable cartographic base. In our
    digital preparation of the data set, carried out in the
    Spokane Field Office Geological Information System laboratory
    of the Mineral Resources Survey Program of the U.S. Geological
    Survey in Spokane, Washington, we received helpful assistance
    from Paul C. Hyndman and Rachel Hauser.

    Dibblee, T.W., Jr., 1964, Geologic map of the Lucerne Valley
    quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological
    Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-426, scale
    1:62,500.

    Sadler, P.M., 1982, Geologic map of the Cougar Buttes 7.5'
    quadrangle: California Division of Mines and Geology Open File
    Report OFR 82-18 S.F., Plate E, scale 1:24,000.

    Shreve, R.L., 1968, The Blackhawk landslide: Geological
    Society of America Special Paper 108, 47 p.
  Native_Data_Set_Environment:
    SunOS, 5.6, sun4u UNIX
    ARC/INFO version 7.2.1

  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Fred K. Miller
      Originator: Jonathan C. Matti
      Originator: Howard J. Brown
      Originator: Robert E. Powell
      Publication_Date: 1998
      Title:
        Geologic map of the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County,
        California, version 1.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 98-579
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Menlo Park, California
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: <URL:http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/docs/ncgm/scamp/scamp.html>
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
      Geologic lines and points on 1:24,000 scale geologic maps are judged to
      meet map-accuracy standards if they are located to within +/-15 meters,
      relative to topographic or cultural features on the base map.

      Lines and points that meet (or may not meet) this map-accuracy standard
      are identified both in the digital database and on derivative geologic-map
      plots.

      Within the database, line and point data that are judged to meet the
      map-accuracy standard are denoted by the attribute code .MEE. (meets) in
      the appropriate data table; line and point data that may not meet the
      map-accuracy standard are denoted by the attribute code .MNM. (may not
      meet).

      On any derivative geologic-map plot, line data that are judged to meet
      the map-accuracy standard are denoted by solid lines; line data that may
      not meet the map-accuracy atandard are denoted by dashed or dotted
      lines.  There is no cartographic device for denoting the map-accuracy
      for geologic-point data (eg. symbols representing bedding, foliation,
      lineations, etc.).

  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    Polygon and chain-node topology present.

    The areal extent of the map is represented digitally by an appropriately
    projected (Polyconic projection), mathematically generated box.
    Consequently, polygons intersecting the lines that comprise the map
    boundary are closed by that boundary.  Polygons internal to the map
    boundary are completely enclosed by line segments which are themselves a
    set of sequentially numbered coordinate pairs.  Point data are represented
    by coordinate pairs.


  Completeness_Report:
    The geologic map and digital database of the Cougar Buttes
    7.5' quadrangle contain new data that have been subjected to
    rigorous review and are a substantially complete
    representation of the current state of knowledge concerning
    the geology of the quadrangle.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        The maximum transformation RMS error acceptable for 7.5'
        quadrangle transformation and data input is 0.003 (1.8
        meters).  Horizontal positional accuracy was checked by
        visual comparison of hard-copy plots with base-stable
        source data.

        Transformation data (initial DXF scan data format to ARC/INFO
        coverage) for the Cougar Buttes quadrangle are as follows:

        >Scale (X,Y) = (609.687,609.887)  Skew (degrees) = (0.000)
        >Rotation (degrees) = (-0.041)  Translation = (-6359.613,-768.716)
        >RMS Error (input,output) = (0.001,0.847)
        >
        >Affine  X = Ax + By + C
        >        Y = Dx + Ey + F
        >  A =          609.687   B =            0.437   C =        -6359.613
        >  D =           -0.440   E =          609.887   F =         -768.716
        >
        >
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Field mapping and aerial photograph interpretation;
        iterative process (J.C. Matti).
      Process_Date: 1995-1999
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Transfer of geologic linework and point data from aerial
        photographs to a scale-stable cartographic base for south-central
        part of quadrangle at the U.S. Geological Survey's
        Photogrammetric Plotter Laboratory in Denver, Colorado (J.C. Matti).
      Process_Date: 1995-1999
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Field mapping and aerial photograph interpretation;
        iterative process (R.E. Powell and J.C. Matti).
      Process_Date: 1995-1999
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Transfer of geologic linework and point data from aerial photographs
        to a scale-stable transparent orthophotoquadrangle (R.E. Powell).
      Process_Date: 1998-1999
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        The geologic map information was scanned (initial raster scan
        in MS-DOS TIF format, 1200 dots per inch) from a base-stable
        original of the author-prepared geologic map at 1:24,000
        scale.  Normally, the base-stable original for scanning would
        be produced from scribeguide to clear-film, right-reading,
        0.007 mil thickness, blackline positive. For the Cougar Buttes
        quadrangle, however, it was produced from scribeguide to
        clear-film, left-reading, 0.004 mil thickness, blackline
        positive. This original was sandwiched with a mylar sheet to
        bring the thickness to 0.007 mil, then digitally reversed to
        right-reading by Optronics Specialty Company, Inc.The
        auto-vectorized, non-attributed scan was prepared by Optronics
        and converted to an ARC/INFO coverage using standard ARC/INFO
        commands.  Registration and transformation were subsequently
        completed.

        Geologic lines, and polygons are represented in the geology
        coverage.  Geologic points such as attitudes were digitized
        into a separate geologic points coverage using a Mayline
        Futur-Matic digitizing table.

        Lines, points, and polygons were edited and attributed using
        standard ARC/INFO commands.  Digitizing and editing artifacts
        significant enough to display at a scale of 1:24,000 were
        corrected.

        The base map image was prepared by scanning a scale-stable
        clear-film of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000 Cougar
        Buttes 7.5'quadrangle (1971) topographic map.  Scanning was
        done using an Anatech Eagle 4080 monochrome 800 dots per inch
        (dpi) scanner, at a resolution of 500dpi.  The raster scan was
        converted to a monochromatic image (Geotiff format) in
        ARC/INFO.  No elements of the base layer are attributed.  The
        base map is provided for reference only.
      Process_Date: 20000201

    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        First draft of metadata created by Pamela M. Cossette using
        FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.2 05/14/98 on ARC/INFO data set
        /pool5/c/cossette2/cougar/coug/coug_geo
      Process_Date: 20000125
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 2503
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 6070
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 2504

Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Map_Projection:
        Map_Projection_Name: Polyconic
        Polyconic:
          Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -116.8125
          Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 34.375
          False_Easting: 0.00000
          False_Northing: 0.00000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0000001
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0000001
        Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927
      Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      The ARC/INFO version of the Digital Geologic Map of the Cougar Buttes
      7.5'quadrangle consists of five coverages:

      1)	coug_geo - geology

      Geologic units are delineated by geologic line entities and
      described by polygons which are attributed with the following set
      of attribute items in coug_geo.pat.  For display purposes, the
      geology coverage contains three annotation subclasses: anno.geo
      contains unit labels, anno.fault contains formal fault names, and
      anno.twn_rnge contains township and range data.

      >
      >COUG_GEO.PAT:
      >
      >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
      >    1  AREA                   8    18     F      5
      >    9  PERIMETER              8    18     F      5
      >   17  COUG_GEO#          4     5     B      -
      >   21  COUG_GEO-ID        4     5     B      -
      >   25  LABL                  35    35     C      -
      >   60  PLABL                 35    35     C      -
      >   95  TAG                   25    25     C      -
      >  120  SHDPS                  3     3     I      -
      >  123  NAME                 254   254     C      -
      >  377  SHDFIL                 3     3     I      -
      >

      LABL	geologic map unit label, in plain text

      Alphabetized list of map units symbols (LABL) and the
      corresponding map unit names (NAME) specified in the Cougar
      Buttes geologic map database (coug_geo.pat):

      >
      >Jg		Granite
      >Jp		Porphyritic quartz monzonite, monzogranite,
      >		and granodiorite
      >Kcb		Monzogranite of Cougar Buttes
      >Kgd		Granodiorite
      >Kmi		Mafic-rich intermediate rocks
      >Kmp		Mixed plutonic rocks
      >Kp		Porphyritic monzogranite
      >MzPrgg			Granitic orthogneiss
      >Prgn		Gneiss
      >QTbrbc		Breccia, strata of Blackhawk Canyon
      >QTbrc 		Breccia, carbonate rocks
      >QTbrg		Breccia, granitic rocks
      >QTc		Conglomerate of Cushenbury Spring
      >QTs1		Sandstone and conglomerate, member 1
      >QTs2		Sandstone and conglomerate, member 2
      >QTspcb 		Saprolite, monzogranite of Cougar Buttes
      >QTspmp 		Saprolite, mixed plutonic rocks
      >Qmof		Moderately old alluvial fan deposits
      >Qmof? 		Moderately old alluvial fan deposits?
      >Qmol		Moderately old lacustrine deposits
      >Qmol? 		Moderately old lacustrine deposits?
      >Qmolsbc		Moderately old landslide breccia,
      >			strata of Blackhawk Canyon
      >Qmolsc		Moderately old landslide breccia,
      >		carbonate rocks
      >Qmolscc		Moderately old landslide breccia,
      >			conglomerate of Cushenbury Springs
      >Qmos		Moderately old slope wash and alluvial
      >			deposits
      >Qoc		Old colluvial deposits
      >Qoc?		Old colluvial deposits?
      >Qoc1		Old colluvial deposits, unit 1
      >Qoc2		Old colluvial deposits, unit 2
      >Qof		Old alluvial fan deposits
      >Qof? 		Old alluvial fan deposits?
      >Qolsbc		Old landslide breccia, strata of Blackhawk
      >		Canyon
      >Qolsc		Old landslide breccia, carbonate-rock
      >Qolsg		Old landslide breccia, granitic rocks
      >Qp		Active playa deposits
      >Qvodf		Very old debris flow fan deposits
      >Qvof1		Very old alluvial fan deposits, unit 1
      >Qvof2		Very old alluvial fan deposits, unit 2
      >Qvos		Very old slope wash and alluvial deposits
      >Qvos? 		Very old slope wash and alluvial deposits?
      >Qw		Active wash deposits
      >Qya		Young axial valley deposits
      >Qyas+Qye	Young alluvial and slope wash deposits +
      >		Quaternary young eolian deposits
      >Qydf		Young debris flow fan deposits
      >Qye		Young eolian deposits
      >Qye? 		Young eolian deposits?
      >Qyf		Young alluvial fan deposits
      >Qyf1		Young alluvial fan deposits, unit 1
      >Qyf2		Young alluvial fan deposits, unit 2
      >Qyf3		Young alluvial fan deposits, unit 3
      >Qyf4		Young alluvial fan deposits, unit 4
      >Qyfe		Young alluvial fan and eolian deposits
      >Qyfe? 		Young alluvial fan and eolian deposits?
      >Qyfs 		Young alluvial fan sand deposits
      >Qyfw1		Young alluvial fan feeder wash deposits,
      >			unit 1
      >Qyfw2		Young alluvial fan feeder wash deposits,
      >			unit 2
      >Qyfw3		Young alluvial fan feeder wash deposits,
      >			unit 3
      >Qyfw4		Young alluvial fan feeder wash deposits,
      >			unit 4
      >Qyls		Young landslide deposits
      >Qyos 		Young(?) and old slope wash and alluvial deposits
      >Qyoss1		Young(?) and old slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			substrate 1
      >Qyoss2		Young(?) and old slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			substrate 2
      >Qyoce		Young and old colluvial and eolian deposits
      >Qyp		Young playa deposits
      >Qyse		Young slope wash, alluvial, and eolian deposits
      >Qyse? 		Young slope wash, alluvial, and eolian deposits?
      >Qysos1		Young slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			oxidized, substrate 1
      >Qysos2		Young slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			oxidized, substrate 2
      >Qysos2? 		Young slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			oxidized, substrate 2?
      >Qysos3		Young slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			oxidized, substrate 3
      >Qysos3? 		Young slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			oxidized, substrate 3?
      >Qyss		Young slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			sandstone substrate
      >Qysws1		Young slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			white, substrate 1
      >Qysws2		Young slope wash and alluvial deposits,
      >			white, substrate 2
      >Qyw		Young wash deposits
      >Ta		Arkosic sandstone
      >Ta? 		Arkosic sandstone?
      >Tb		Basalt
      >Tl		Lacustrine strata
      >Tl? 		Lacustrine strata?
      >
      >


      PLABL	coded geologic map unit label used to generate plot labels
      with relevant stratigraphic symbols. The geologic units with
      LABL MzPrgg (Mesozoic or Proterozoic) and Prgn (Proterozoic)
      appear as }<gg, <gn respectively in the item PLABL.
      The replacement characters call their corresponding symbols
      from the Stratagem Font Group.  Geologic map unit labels will
      plot on derivative  map plots with appropriate stratigraphic
      symbols if PLABL is used as the source of unit labels.
      The Stratagem Font Group is accessed through geofont.txt,
      is included in the data package and is available from
      <URL address...>

      TAG	enables identification of polygons, within a unit, of which
      the geology is sufficiently distinct from that of the overall
      unit.  The default designation is the unit label with the
      suffix A.  Polygons representing unique properties other
      than the default can be identified with suffixes B, C...etc.
      All polygons in the Cougar Buttes quadrangle are designated
      by the suffix A.

      SHDPS	polygon color from shadeset scamp2.shd (included in the
      data package)

      NAME	geologic name of each unit

      SHDFIL	polygon fill pattern from shadeset geology2.shd (included
      in the data package)

      Geologic lines, which include features such as faults, contacts,
      and marker horizons  are attributed with the following set of feature
      attribute items contained in coug_geo.aat.
      (A complete description of each line type is available in the data
      table, lines.rel.)

      >
      >COUG_GEO.AAT:
      >
      >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
      >    1  FNODE#                 4     5     B      -
      >    5  TNODE#                 4     5     B      -
      >    9  LPOLY#                 4     5     B      -
      >   13  RPOLY#                 4     5     B      -
      >   17  LENGTH                 8    18     F      5
      >   25  COUG_GEO#          4     5     B      -
      >   29  COUG_GEO-ID        4     5     B      -
      >   33  L-TAG                 25    25     C      -
      >   58  L-SYMB                 3     3     I      -
      >   61  L-NAME               200   200     C      -
      >
      >

      L-TAG	line tag which consists of a character and numerical value, e.g.
      C17, allows the user to relate the line entity to its corresponding
      definition in lines.rel

      List of line types used in the Cougar Buttes geologic map coverage
      (coug _geo.aat), including abbreviated descriptions from lines.rel:

      >C17	Contact, landslide, location meets map accuracy standard
      >C18	Contact, landslide, location may not meet map accuracy
      >	standard
      >C2	Contact, generic, location may not meet map accuracy
      >	standard
      >C22	Contact, landslide, questionable, location may not meet map
      >	accuracy standard
      >C23	Contact, landslide, questionable, covered, location may not
      >	meet map accuracy standard
      >C30	Contact, sedimentary, location may not meet map accuracy
      >	standard
      >C31	Contact, sedimentary, inferred, location may not meet map
      >	accuracy standard
      >C32	Contact, sedimentary, covered, location may not meet map
      >	accuracy standard
      >C42	Contact, sedimentary, gradational, location may not meet
      >	map accuracy standard
      >C49	Contact, igneous, location meets map accuracy standard
      >C50	Contact, igneous, location may not meet map accuracy
      >	standard
      >C65	Contact, metamorphic, location meets map accuracy standard
      >C66	Contact, metamorphic, location may not meet map accuracy
      >	standard
      >C81	Contact, regolith, location meets map accuracy standard
      >C82	Contact, regolith, location may not meet map accuracy
      >	standard
      >CL1	Cartographic line, map boundary
      >F14	Fault, high angle, strike slip, right lateral, inferred,
      >	location may not meet map accuracy standard
      >F16	Fault, high angle, normal slip, location may not meet map
      >	accuracy standard
      >F20	Fault, high angle, strike slip, right lateral, covered,
      >	location may not meet map accuracy standard
      >F22	Fault, high angle, normal slip, covered, location may not
      >	meet map accuracy standard
      >F31	Fault, high angle, slip unspecified, generic, inferred,
      >	location may not meet map accuracy standard
      >F38	Fault, high angle, strike slip, right lateral,
      >	questionable, location may not meet map accuracy standard
      >F8	Fault, high angle, strike slip, right lateral, location
      >	may not meet map accuracy standard
      >F90	Fault, low angle, slip unspecified, older over younger,
      >	location may not meet map accuracy standard
      >F98	Fault, low angle, normal slip, younger over older,
      >	location may not meet map accuracy standard
      >MH1	Marker horizon, buried paleosol, location meets map
      >	accuracy standard
      >

      L-SYMB	calls up the appropriate line symbol from the lineset
      geoscamp2.lin (included in the data package)

      L-NAME	formal name, where applicable, of geologic linear feature
      The Helendale Fault is the only formally named fault
      in the Cougar Buttes quadrangle.


      2)	coug_str - structural lines

      Geologic stuctural features in the Cougar Buttes quadrangle
      include upright anticlines and upright synclines. The attribute
      values, L-TAG and L-SYMB, link the line tag to the data table,
      lines.rel and call up the appropriate line symbol from the
      lineset geoscamp2.lin respectively.
      >
      >COUG_STR.AAT:
      >
      >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
      >    1  FNODE#                 4     5     B      -
      >    5  TNODE#                 4     5     B      -
      >    9  LPOLY#                 4     5     B      -
      >   13  RPOLY#                 4     5     B      -
      >   17  LENGTH                 8    18     F      5
      >   25  COUG_STR#              4     5     B      -
      >   29  COUG_STR-ID            4     5     B      -
      >   33  L-TAG                 25    25     C      -
      >   58  L-SYMB                 3     3     I      -
      >
      >

      List of line types used in the Cougar Buttes structural map
      coverage (coug _str.aat), including abbreviated descriptions from
      lines.rel:

      >FA33	Fold axial trace, anticline, upright, location meets map
      >	accuracy standard
      >FA97	Fold axial trace, syncline, upright, location meets map
      >	accuracy standard
      >
      >


      3)	coug_pts - geological point data

      Geological point data includes information describing the types and
      the orientation of bedding, foliation, and lineations. One annotation
      subclass is included in the geologic points coverage: dip displays
      the respective dip and plunge values associated with individual point
      data.

      >
      >COUG_PTS.PAT:
      >
      >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
      >    1  AREA                   8    18     F      5
      >    9  PERIMETER              8    18     F      5
      >   17  COUG_PTS#              4     5     B      -
      >   21  COUG_PTS-ID            4     5     B      -
      >   25  P-DIP                  3     3     I      -
      >   28  P-STRIKE               3     3     I      -
      >   31  P-SYMB                 3     3     I      -
      >   34  P-TAG                 25    25     C      -
      >   59  P-PLUNGE               3     3     I      -
      >   62  P-DIPDIR               3     3     I      -
      >
      >


      P-DIP		the dip of planar features

      P-STRIKE	the azimuth strike of planar features

      P-SYMB		calls the point-type from the markerset
      geoscamp2.mrk (included in the data package)

      P-TAG		point tag which consists of a character(s) and
      numerical value, e.g. FN42, allows the user to relate
      the point entity to its corresponding definition in
      the data table, points.rel

      Point types (quantitative orientation data) in coug_pts.pat and
      their corresponding, abbreviated descriptions from points.rel:


      >
      >B2	Bedding attitude, sedimentary, inclined
      >FN42	Foliation attitude, metamorphic, inclined
      >L26	Lineation, metamorphic, minor fold axes, sinistral
      >	rotation
      >


      P-PLUNGE	lineation plunge value

      P-DIPDIR	azimuthal direction of dip
      To date, there is no other way to indicate to the user the
      cardinal direction of dip using the traditional convention
      (traditional geologic notation allows a quadrant
      designation following the dip value).

      4)	coug_ptsorn - structural line ornamentation

      The point data included in coug_ptsorn allow a visual representation
      of the type of structural linear feature, e.g. anticline and syncline
      symbols.  The items P-TAG and P-SYMB link the point tag to its full
      description in points.rel and call up the appropriate point symbol
      from geoscamp2.mrk.

      >
      >COUG_PTSORN.PAT:
      >
      >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
      >    1  AREA                   8    18     F      5
      >    9  PERIMETER              8    18     F      5
      >   17  COUG_PTSORN#           4     5     B      -
      >   21  COUG_PTSORN-ID         4     5     B      -
      >   25  P-TAG                 25    25     C      -
      >   50  P-SYMB                 3     3     I      -
      >
      >

      Point types (fold axes ornamentation) in coug_ptsorn.pat and
      their corresponding, abbreviated descriptions from points.rel:

      >
      >
      >FAC10	Fold ornament, syncline, upright axial plane
      >FAC4	Fold ornament, anticline, upright axial plane
      >
      >


      5)	coug_ldr - annotation leaders

      Annotation leaders point to unit labels that are placed outside the
      perimeter of a particular geologic polygon.  These cartographic line
      entities are attributed with only  a single attribute, L-SYMB, and
      all have the same value, 1.

      >
      >COUG_LDR.AAT:
      >
      >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
      >    1  FNODE#                 4     5     B      -
      >    5  TNODE#                 4     5     B      -
      >    9  LPOLY#                 4     5     B      -
      >   13  RPOLY#                 4     5     B      -
      >   17  LENGTH                 8    18     F      5
      >   25  COUG_LDR#              4     5     B      -
      >   29  COUG_LDR-ID            4     5     B      -
      >   33  L-SYMB                 3     3     I      -
      >
      >

      The data dictionary tables, lines.rel and points.rel each
      contain three items: L-TAG and P-TAG establish the links
      between the .aat, and the .pat to the respective data
      tables. The items L-DEF and P-DEF, respectively provide the
      coded definition for an entity.  The items L-EXP and P-EXP
      provide a parsed explanation of the code contained in the
      corresponding -DEF items.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
      A complete description of the polygon, line, and point data coding
      schemes is available in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports
      97-859, OFR 97-860, and OFR 97-861 (full source citations follow):

      Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn,
      T.P., Koukladas, Catherine, Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P.M., 1997b,
      Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced
      by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0:
      U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859

      Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., and Cossette,
      P.M., 1997c, Geologic-polygon attributes for digital geologic-map
      databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project
      (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-860

      Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., Miller, F.K., Kennedy, S.A., Ruppert,
      K.R., Morton, G.L., and Cossette, P.M., 1997a, Geologic-line
      attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the
      Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0:
      U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-861

Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Robert E. Powell
      Contact_Position: Project geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address:
          U.S. Geological Survey
          Room 202
          West 904 Riverside Avenue
        City: Spokane
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 99201-1007
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 509 368-3120
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rpowell@usgs.gov
  Distribution_Liability:
    The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these geographic data "as
    is.  "The USGS makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy
    of information contained in the geographic data.  The USGS further
    makes no warranties, either expressed or implied as to any other
    matter whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the
    product, or its fitness for any particular purpose.  The burden for
    determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user.  Although
    these data have been processed successfully on computers at the USGS,
    no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS regarding the
    use of these data on any other system, nor does the fact of
    distribution constitute or imply any such warranty.

    In no event shall the USGS have any liability whatsoever for payment
    of any consequential, incidental, indirect, special, or tort damages
    of any kind, including, but not limited to, any loss of profits
    arising out of use of or reliance on the geographic data or arising
    out of the delivery, installation, operation, or support by USGS.

    This digital, geologic map database of the Cougar Buttes
    7.5'quadrangle, 1:24,000 map-scale, and any derivative maps thereof,
    is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:24,000
    (e.g., 1:12,000).

Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20000522
  Metadata_Review_Date: 2000/03/01
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Robert E. Powell
      Contact_Position: Project geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 904 West Riverside Avenue, Rm. 202
        City: Spokane
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 99201-1087
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (509) 368-3120
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (509) 368-3199
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rpowell@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Standard_Version: Version of June 8, 1994
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: none
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: none
