Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member of Uwekahuna Ash. Consists of five distinct pyroclastic events. Divided into lower (units 1, 2) and upper (units 3, 4, 5) parts separated by a widespread disconformity. Near base is an anomalous high titanium dioxide-potassium oxide lava flow (unit 2) traceable across several km. Thickness 1.73 m in Uwekahuna type section (revised). Interbedded with Hornet kipuka lava flows. In places, underlies Old Kalue lava flows (AD 1060 to 1210) and overlies Kipuka Nene lava flows (350 to 190 BC). Age is Holocene (ca. AD 400 to 1000), based on radiocarbon ages and observed field relations.
Type section: beneath the edge of Old Kalue lava flow on the upper south flank of Kilauea Volcano, ~600 m south of Kulanaokuaiki Pali, a north-facing fault scarp 7 to 8 km south of Kilauea’s summit, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Island of Hawaii. Named from Kulanaokuaiki Pali, [Kau and Puna districts; approx. Lat. 19 deg. 21 min. 28 sec. N., Long 155 deg. 13 min. 25 sec. W.]
[Additional locality information from ACME Mapper 2.0, accessed Veterans Day 2011.]

Source: Publication.