Stratigraphic column. Halape Member of Hilina Formation. Oldest member (of 4) of Hilina Formation. Underlies Kahele Member (new). Overlies lava flows estimated to be between 100,000 yr to 70,000(?) yr B.P.
[Named from Halape, on the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Volcanoes Wilderness, southern coast of Island of Hawaii, HI. Hawaiian spelling: Halapē (U.S. Board on Geographic Names, 1999).]

Source: Modified from GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Menlo GNULEX).

Pyroclastic unit named by Easton and Garcia (1980) is oldest member of 4 of Hilina Formation. Covers area of approx. 1000 sq km. Consists of 10- to 50-cm-thick deposit of poorly bedded clay and palagonite. Separated from other members by major sequences of lava flows. Age is estimated to be 70,000 yr B.P.

Source: GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Menlo GNULEX).

Halape Ash Member of Hilina Basalt. Name changed to reflect lithology and volcanic origin. Age estimated to be between 100 ka and 31 ka, based on age estimate for base of Hilina Basalt (Easton, 1978, Univ. Hawaii-Honolulu MS thesis).
Type section: at Keana Bihopa (395 m elevation), Lat. 19 deg. 17 min. 19 sec. N., Long. 155 deg. 18 min. 25 sec. W., Kau Desert 7.5' quadrangle, [on south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Volcanoes Wilderness, Hawaii Co.], Island of Hawaii, HI.
Reference section: at Puu Kapukapu, Lat. 19 deg 16 min. 45 sec. N., Long. 155 deg. 15 min. 35 sec. W., Kau Desert 7.5' quadrangle, [on south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Volcanoes Wilderness, Hawaii Co.], Island of Hawaii, HI.
Named from Halape, cape at base of Puu Kapukapu. [Hawaiian spelling: Halapē (U.S. Board on Geographic Names, 1999).]

Source: Modified from GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Menlo GNULEX).

Named changed to reflect lithology. Type locality at Keana Bihopa. Reference locality at Puu Kapukapu. Age is Pleistocene. [see Easton, 1987, p. 243-260 same vol.]

Source: GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Menlo GNULEX).