Display Name	"Synonyms, narrower match terms"	Description	Source	Hierarchy Key
Compound material		"An Earth Material composed of an aggregation of particles of Earth Material, possibly including other Compound Materials. This is 'top' of lithology category hierarchy, and should be used to indicate 'any rock or unconsolidated material'."	"NADM C1, 2004"	~00~
Breccia		"Coarse-grained material composed of angular broken rock fragments; the fragments typically have sharp edges and unworn corners. The fragments may be held together by a mineral cement, or in a fine-grained matrix. Clasts may be of any composition or origin."	Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~00~
Composite genesis material		"Material of unspecified consolidation state formed by geological modification of pre-existing materials outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes. Includes rocks formed by impact metamorphism, standard dynamothermal metamorphism, brittle deformation, weathering, metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration (diagenesis is a sedimentary process in this context)."	NGMDB	~00~02~
Fault-related material		A brittle fault-related material; category includes cataclasite series (cohesive cataclastic rocks) and breccia-gouge series (non-cohesive cataclastic rocks). Contains greater than 10 percent matrix; matrix is fine-grained material caused by tectonic grain-size reduction.	"CGI concept definition task group, paraphrased from cataclasite definition of Marshak & Mitra, 1988"	~00~02~00~
Breccia-gouge series	"Gouge, Incohesive cataclastic rock"	"Fault material that displays evidence for loss of cohesion during deformation. Examples of evidence include void spaces (filled or unfilled), and non-consolidated matrix material between fragments. Includes fault-related breccia and gouge."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~02~00~00~
Cataclasite series	"cataclasite, protocataclasite, ultracataclasite, Cohesive cataclastic rock"	"Fault-related rock that maintained primary cohesion during deformation, with matrix comprising greater than 10 percent of rock mass; matrix is fine-grained material formed through grain size reduction by fracture as opposed to crystal plastic process that operate in mylonitic rock. Includes cataclasite, protocataclasite and ultracataclasite."	"Based on NADM SLTTm, 2004"	~00~02~00~01~
Material formed in surficial environment		"Rocks that are the product of surficial processes operating on pre-existing rocks, analogous to hydrothermal or metasomatic rocks formed at ambient Earth surface temperature and pressure. Includes duricrust of various sorts (silcrete, calcrete), soil, and weathered rock."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~02~01~
Duricrust	"Caliche, calcrete, silcrete"	"Rock forming a hard crust or layer at or near the Earths surface at the time of formation, e.g. in the upper horizons of a soil, characterized by structures indicative of pedogenic origin. Typically consists of sand and gravel cemented by carbonate, silica, aluminous oxides, or iron oxide."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~02~01~00~
Residual material	"Soil, residuum"	"Material of composite origin resulting from weathering processes at the EarthÕs surface, with minor epiclastic, chemical, or organic input, and removal of chemical constituents by aqueous leaching. Consolidation state is not inherent in definition."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~02~01~01~
Bauxite		"Highly aluminous material containing abundant aluminum hydroxides (gibbsite, less commonly boehmite, diaspore) and aluminum-substituted iron oxides or hydroxides and generally minor or negligible kaolin minerals; may contain up to 20 percent quartz. Commonly has a pisolitic or nodular texture, and may be cemented."	"Taylor and Eggleton, 2001, p 324"	~00~02~01~01~00~
Weathered rock		"Rock that exhibits observable properties due to environmental conditions at or near the Earth surface affected by the atmosphere or hydrosphere. Corresponds to McMillan and Powell (1999) weathered rock grades II, III, and IV."	Neuendorf et al. 2005; NGMDB	~00~02~01~01~01~
Unconsolidated material		Material composed of an aggregation of particles that do not adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid in its own right.	"NADM C1, 2004"	~00~03~
Anthropogenic unconsolidated material		Unconsolidated material known to have artificial (human-related) origin.	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~03~00~
Natural unconsolidated material		"Unconsolidated material known to have natural, i.e. not human-made, origin."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~03~01~
Sediment		"Natural unconsolidated material consisting of an aggregation of particles transported or deposited by air, water or ice, or that accumulated by other natural agents, such as chemical precipitation, and that forms in layers on the Earths surface."	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~03~01~00~
Clastic sediment		"Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity."	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~03~01~00~00~
Diamicton	Till	"Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sediment with a wide range of particle sizes, including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. Assignment to another size class can be used in conjunction to indicate the dominant grain size."	Hallsworth & Knox 1999	~00~03~01~00~00~00~
Gravel (Gravelly sediment)		Clastic sediment consisting of 30 percent or more clasts that are 2 mm or more in diameter. Denotes that composition of clasts is not specified.	"Based on NADM SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale, Folk 1954."	~00~03~01~00~00~01~
Sand (sandy sediment)		"Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent clasts that are greater than 2 mm in diameter, and in which the ratio of mud-size particles (less than 0.0625 mm diameter) to sand-size particles (0.0625 to 2 mm diameter) is less than 50 percent. Composition of clasts is not specified. Broad use of term sand recognized to conform with common usage."	Neuendorf et al. 2005; NGMDB	~00~03~01~00~00~02~
Mud (muddy sediment)		"Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent clasts that are greater than 2 mm in diameter, and in which the ratio of mud-size particles (less than 0.0625 mm diameter) to sand-size particles (0.0625 to 2 mm diameter) is greater than 50 percent. Composition of clasts is not specified. Broad use of term mud included to conform to common usage."	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~03~01~00~00~03~
Chemical sediment		"Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent material produced by chemical (organic or inorganic) processes within the basin of deposition. Includes organic-rich, non-clastic siliceous, carbonate, evaporite, iron-rich, and phosphatic sediment classes."	This vocabulary	~00~03~01~00~01~
Biogenic sediment		Sediment composed of greater than 50 percent material of biogenic origin. 	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~03~01~00~02~
Ooze		"Mud (less than 1 percent gravel, and has a sand to mud ratio less than 1 to 9) that contains at least 30 percent skeletal remains of pelagic organisms, and less than 50 percent carbonate minerals."	Based on Neuendorf et al (2005) marine geology definition; Hallsworth & Knox 1999	~00~03~01~00~02~00~
Organic rich sediment		"Sediment with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis."	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~03~01~00~02~01
Peat		"Unconsolidated organic-rich sediment composed of at least 50 percent semi-carbonized plant remains; individual remains commonly seen with unaided eye; yellowish brown to brownish black; generally fibrous texture; can be plastic or friable. In its natural state it can be readily cut and has a very high moisture content, generally greater than 90 percent."	Hallsworth & Knox 1999	~00~03~01~00~02~01~01
Iron rich sediment		"Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent (by volume) iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis; corresponds with a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~03~01~00~03~00~
Phosphatic sediment		Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals.	NGMDB	~00~03~01~00~03~01~
Non-clastic siliceous sediment		"Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition."	NGMDB; Hallsworth and Knox 1999	~00~03~01~00~03~02~
Carbonate sediment		"Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin."	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~03~01~00~03~04~
Dolomitic sediment		Carbonate sediment with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~03~01~00~03~04~00~
Calcareous carbonate sediment		Carbonate sediment with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments.	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004; Hallsworth & Knox 1999	~00~03~01~00~03~04~01~
Carbonate gravel		Carbonate sediment composed of more than 25 percent gravel-sized clasts (maximum diameter more than 2 mm).	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004; Hallsworth & Knox 1999	~00~03~01~00~03~04~02~
Carbonate sand [Sandy carbonate sediment]		Carbonate sediment consisting of less than 25 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a sand to mud ratio greater than 1.	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~03~01~00~03~04~03~
Carbonate mud [Muddy carbonate sediment]		Carbonate sediment consisting of less than 25 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1.	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004; Hallsworth & Knox 1999	~00~03~01~00~03~04~04~
Tephra		"An unconsolidated pyroclastic deposit in which greater than 75 percent of the fragments are deposited as a direct result of volcanic processes and the deposit has not been reworked by epiclastic processes. Includes ash, lapilli-ash, lapilli tephra, ash breccia, bomb tephra, and block tephra of Hallsworth and Knox (1999)."	Hallsworth & Knox 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~03~01~01~
Ash and lapilli		Tephra in which less than 25 percent of fragments are greater than 64 mm in longest dimension.	Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~03~01~01~00~
"Ash breccia, bomb, or block tephra"		Tephra in which more than 75 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes bomb tephra and block tephra of Gillespie and Styles (1999).	Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~03~01~01~01~
Rock		"Consolidated aggregate of one or more Earth materials, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter, or of solid organic material. Includes mineral aggregates such as granite, shale, marble; glassy matter such as obsidian; and organic material such a coal. Excludes unconsolidated materials."	Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~
Aphanite		Rock that is too fine grained to categorize in more detail. 	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~04~00~
Igneous rock		Rock formed by the cooling and solidification of magma. Rock for which only descriptive information is igneous origin. Typically characterized by textures indicating crystallization from melted material.	NGMDB	~00~04~01~
Glassy igneous rock	"perlite, obsidian"	Igneous rock that consists of greater than 90 percent glass.	NGMDB	~00~04~01~00~
Exotic composition [unusual] igneous rock		"Rock with exotic mineralogical, textural or field setting characteristics; typically dark colored, with abundant phenocrysts. Criteria include: presence of greater than 10 percent melilite or leucite or presence of kalsilite, or greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals. These rocks are typically dark colored with abundant phenocrysts. Includes lamproite, lamprophyre, kimberlite, carbonatite, melilititc and kalsilitic rocks of LeMaitre et al. (2002)."	Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~01~
Exotic alkaline rock [mafite]		"Kimberlite, lamproite, or lamprophyre. Generally are potassic, mafic or ultramafic rocks. Olivine (commonly serpentinized in kimberlite), and phlogopite are significant constituents. "	This vocabulary	~00~04~01~01~00~
Exotic alkalic igneous rock		"Igneous rock containing greater than 10 percent melilite or kalsilite. Typically undersaturated, ultrapotassic (kalsilitic rocks) or calcium-rich (melilitic rocks) mafic or ultramafic rocks."	Grouped kalsilitic and melilitic rocks of LeMaitre et al 2002.	~00~04~01~01~01~
Carbonatite		Igneous rock composed of more than 50 percent modal carbonate minerals.	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~01~02~
Fragmental igneous rock		"Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks, autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes."	NGMDB	~00~04~01~02~
Pyroclastic rock	ignimbrite	Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75 percent fragments produced as a direct result of eruption or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes pyroclastic rock of Gillespie & Styles (1999) and LeMaitre et al. (2002). LeMaitre et al (2002) explicitly exclude autobreccia related to lava flows. This is rejected here because of the difficulty it would present with fragmental deposits associated with silicic lava flows or exogenous domes (e.g. block and ash deposits). Autobreccia associated with lava flows is thus included here as a kind of pyroclastic rock. Deposits reworked by epiclastic processes are excluded from category (put in clastic sedimentary rock).	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~04~01~02~00~
"Tuff-breccia, agglomerate, or pyroclastic breccia"		"Pyroclastic rock in which greater than 75 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia of Gillespie and Styles (1999)."	Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~02~00~00~
"Ash tuff, lapillistone, and lapilli tuff"		"Pyroclastic rock in which less than 75 percent of rock by volume are more than 64 mm in longest diameter. Includes tuff breccia, tuff, lapilli tuff, and lapilli-stone."	Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~02~00~01~
Phaneritic igneous rock [Coarse-grained igneous rock]		Igneous rock in which greater than 10 percent (by volume) of rock is individual crystals that can be discerned with the naked eye. Generally corresponds to not fine-grained in terms of Gillespie and Styles (1999) or LeMaitre et al (2002). Bounding grain size is on the order of 32 to 100 microns. Igneous rocks with exotic composition are excluded from this concept.	Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~01~03~
Granitic rock		"Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction (see LeMaitre et al., 2002). A general term for all phaneritic igneous rocks dominated by quartz and feldspars. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2, 3, 4 and 5 as alkali granite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite. Equivalent to granitoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p. 29), without denotation of field classification."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~00~
Tonalite	"trondhjemite, plagiogranite"	"Granitic rock consisting of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. The ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.9.Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 5 (LeMaitre et al., 2002)."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~00~00~
Granite	"syenogranite, monzogranite"	Granitic rock with plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.65. QAPF field 3 of LeMaitre et al. (2002). 	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~00~01~
Granodiorite		Granitic rock that has a ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar between 0.65 and 0.90. QAPF mineralogy in field 4 of LeMaitre et al. (2002). 	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~00~02~
Alkali feldspar granite	"peralkaline granite, alaskite"	Granitic rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is less than 0.1. QAPF field 2 of LeMaitre et al. (2002).	"LeMaitre et al., 2002"	~00~04~01~03~00~03~
Aplite		"Light colored intrusive igneous rock, characterized by a fine grained allotriomorphic-granular (aplitic, saccharoidal or xenomorphic) texture; typically granitic composition, consisting mostly of quartz, K-feldspar and sodic plagioclase."	Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~01~03~00~03~
Syenitic rock	syenitoid	"Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting mainly of alkali feldspar and plagioclase; minor quartz or nepheline may be present, along with pyroxene, amphibole or biotite. Ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.65, quartz forms less than 20 percent of QAPF fraction, and feldspathoid minerals form less than 10 percent of QAPF fraction. Includes rocks classified in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 and their subdivisions of LeMaitre et al. (2002)."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~01~
Monzonite		"Syenitic rock with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. A group of plutonic rocks intermediate in composition between alkali feldspar and plagioclase that contain little or no quartz, and commonly contain augite as the main mafic mineral. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 8, 8*, and 8' of LeMaitre et al. (2002)."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~01~00~
Syenite		"Syenitic rock with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. A group of plutonic rocks containing alkali feldspar, a small amount of plagioclase, one or more mafic minerals, and quartz, if present, only as an accessory. Includes rocks in QAPF fields 7, 7*, and 7' of LeMaitre et al. (2002)."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~01~01~
Dioritic rock	dioritoid	"Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater that 0.65, and anorthite content of plagioclase is less than 50 percent. Less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 and their subdivisions of LeMaitre et al. (2002)."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~02~
Diorite		"A dioritic rock with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio (in the QAPF fraction) greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 10, 10' and 10* of LeMaitre et al. (2002)."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~02~00~
Monzodiorite		"A dioritic rock with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio in the QAPF fraction between 0.65 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9, 9' and 9* of LeMaitre et al. (2002)."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~02~01~
Gabbroic rock	gabbroid	"Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, and up to 20 percent quartz or up to 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. The ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.65, and anorthite content of the plagioclase is greater than 50 percent. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 and their subdivisions of LeMaitre et al. (2002)."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~03~
Monzogabbro		"Gabbroic rock with a plagioclase to alkali feldspar ratio between 0.65 and 0.9. Typical mafic minerals are biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene. QAPF field 9 and subdivisions."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~03~00~
Gabbro	"Gabbro (sensu stricto), Norite, Troctolite, Gabbronorite."	"Gabbroic rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9 in the QAPF fraction. Includes QAPF fields 10*, 10, and 10' of LeMaitre et al. (2002). This category includes the various categories defined in LeMaitre et al. (2002) based on the mafic mineralogy, but apparently not subdivided based on the quartz/feldspathoid content."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~03~01~
Foid gabbroic rock	foid gabbroid	"Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoid minerals form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, and plagioclase has anorthite content greater than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14 of LeMaitre et al (2002). Equivalent to foid gabbroid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p. 29), without denotation of field classification. Classify as exotic alkalic if melilite or kalsilite is more abundant than feldspathoid."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~04~
Foid dioritic rock	foid dioritoid	"Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoid minerals form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, plagioclase has anorthite content less than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14 of LeMaitre et al (2002). Equivalent to foid dioritoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p. 29), without denotation of field classification. Classify as exotic alkalic if melilite or kalsilite is more abundant than feldspathoid."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~05~
Foid syenitic rock	foid syenitoid	"Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, contains between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes QAPF fields 11 and 12 of LeMaitre et al (2002). Equivalent to foid syenitoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p. 29), without denotation of field classification. Classify as exotic alkalic if melilite or kalsilite is more abundant than feldspathoid."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~06~
Anorthositic rock		"Leucocratic phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, often with small amounts of pyroxene. By definition, color index M is less than 10, and plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10, 10*, and 10' of LeMaitre et al. (2002)."	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~07~
Feldspathoid-rich igneous rock	"Foidolite, foidite, foiditoid"	"Igneous rock that contains more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, with M < 90, irrespective of grain size. Equivalent to foidolite of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p. 29) or to foiditoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.19 (p. 39), without denotation of field classification."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~08~
Quartz rich igneous rock	"quartzolite, quartz rich granite"	"Igneous rock that contains greater than 60 percent quartz, fine and coarse grained varieties not differentiated. "	Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~03~09~
Pegmatite		"Exceptionally coarse grained crystalline rock with interlocking crystals; most grains are 1cm or more diameter; composition is generally that of granite, but the term may refer to the coarse grained facies of any type of igneous rock; usually found as irregular dikes, lenses, or veins associated with plutons or batholiths."	Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~01~03~10~
Porphyry		"An igneous rock of any composition that contains conspicuous phenocrysts. Denotes bimodal grain size (phenocrysts and groundmass) distribution, but not any specific size of phenocrysts or groundmass. "	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~04~
Doleritic rock	"dolerite, microdiorite, diabase, microgabbro"	"Dark colored gabbroic (basaltic) or dioritic (andesitic) rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, and opaque minerals; often with ophitic texture. Typically occurs as hypabyssal intrusions."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~05~
Fine grained igneous rock		Crystalline igneous rock in which the framework or groundmass of the rock consists of crystals that are too small to determine mineralogy with the unaided eye. A significant percentage of the rock by volume may be phenocrysts. Igneous rocks with 'exotic' composition are excluded from this concept.	Gillespie and Styles 1999	~00~04~01~06~
Andesitic rock	andesite	"Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2 as andesite. Basalt and andesite, which share the same QAPF fields, are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. Typically consists of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock."	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~06~00~
Dacitic rock	dacite	"Fine grained crystalline rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3. Typically composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene; fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~06~01~
Trachytic rock		"Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock defined in the QAPF diagram as having Q/(Q+A+P) less than 20 or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, and A/(P+A) greater than 65. A fine-grained or porphyritic crystalline rock having alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals (typically amphibole or mica) as the main components; typically porphyritic. Concept corresponds to trachytoid of LeMaitre et al (2002, p39, Fig 2.9), without denoting the categorization process. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 or chemically in TAS Field T as trachyte or latite."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~06~02~
Rhyolitic rock	rhyolitoid	"Fine grained igneous rock that contains between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.65. Typically consisting of quartz and alkali feldspar, with minor plagioclase and biotite, in a microcrystalline, cryptocrystalline or glassy groundmass. Flow texture is common. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2 and 3 or chemically in TAS Field R as rhyolite. Equivalent to rhyolitoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.19 (p. 39), without denotation of field classification."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~06~03~
Phonolitic rock	phonolitoid	"Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 11 and 12, and TAS field Ph. Equivalent to phonolitoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.19 (p. 39), without denotation of field classification."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~06~04~
Basaltic rock	"basalt, picrite, hawaiite, tholeite"	"Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as basalt. Basalt and andesite are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight."	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~06~05~
Tephritic rock	"basanite, tephrite"	"Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.5. Includes rocks classified in QAPF field 13 and 14 or chemically in TAS field U1 as basanite or tephrite. Concept corresponds to tephritoid of LeMaitre et al 2002, p39, Fig 2.9, without denoting the categorization process. "	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~06~06~
Acidic igneous rock		Igneous rock consisting of more than 63 percent SiO2.	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~07~
Intermediate composition igneous rock		Igneous rock with SiO2 between 52 and 63 percent.	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~08~
Basic igneous rock		Igneous rock with SiO2 between 45 and 52 percent.	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~09~
Ultrabasic igneous rock		Igneous rock with SiO2 less than 45 percent.	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~10~
Hornblendite		"Ultramafic rock in which ol/(ol + px + hbl) is less than 40, and px/(hb + px) is less than 50 percent. Category includes all hornblendite varieties olivine hornblendite, olivine-pyroxene hornblendite, pyroxene hornblendite, and hornblendite) in the IUGS classification."	"Gillespie and Styles, 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002"	~00~04~01~10~00~
Pyroxenite	"olivine pyroxenite, olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite, websterite"	"Ultramafic rock in which ol/(ol + px + hbl) is less than 40, and px/(hb + px) is greater than 50 percent. Follows criteria laid out in Fig. 16 of Gillespie and Styles (1999) for pyroxenite."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~10~01~
Komatiitic rock	Meimechite	"Ultramafic extrusive rock crystallized from high temperature magmas with 18-32 percent MgO and TiO2 less than 1 percent; they often form pillows and have chilled flow-tops and usually have well-developed spinifex textures, with intergrown skeletal and bladed olivine and pyroxene crystals set in abundant glass."	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~10~02~
Peridotite	"dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite, hornblende peridotite"	"Ultramafic rock with ol/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 40 percent, ol/(ol+px+hbld) greater than 40 percent (LeMaitre et al. 2002 p. 28), and less than 10 modal percent melilite. A general term for a coarse-grained igneous rock composed chiefly of olivine with or without other mafic minerals, and containing little or no feldspar. Alteration to serpentinite is common. "	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~04~01~10~03~
Composite (transformed) genesis rock		"Rock formed by geological modification of pre-existing rocks outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes. Includes rocks formed by impact metamorphism, standard dynamothermal metamorphism, thermal metamorphism, brittle deformation, weathering, metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration (diagenesis is a sedimentary process in this context)."	NADM SLTTm 2004	~00~04~02~
Impact metamorphic rock		"Rock that contains features indicative of shock metamorphism, such as microscopic planar deformation features within grains or shatter cones; includes breccias and melt rocks. Include unconsolidated impact materials in this category."	Stoeffler and Grieve 2007; Jackson 1997	~00~04~02~00~
Metamorphic rock		"Any rock formed by solid-state mineralogical, chemical and/or structural change to a pre-existing rock, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, differential stress, and chemical environment; generally at depth in the crust. "	Jackson 1997	~00~04~02~01~
Migmatite		Metamorphic rock that is pervasively heterogeneous on a decimeter to decameter scale that typically consists of darker and lighter parts; commonly the lighter parts have igneous appearance and composition.	"Fettes and Desmons, 2007"	~00~04~02~01~00~
Granofels		Phaneritic metamorphic rock with granoblastic fabric and little or no foliation or lineation (less than 10 percent of the mineral grains in the rock are elements in a planar or linear fabric).	"Fettes and Desmons, 2007"	~00~04~02~01~02~
Hornfels		"Granofels formed by contact metamorphism, composed of a mosaic of equidimensional grains in a characteristically granoblastic or decussate matrix; porphyroblasts or relict phenocrysts may be present. Typically fine grained."	"Fettes and Desmons, 2007"	~00~04~02~01~02~01
Foliated or lineated metamorphic rock		Metamorphic rock in which 10 percent or more of the contained mineral grains are elements in a planar or linear fabric. Does not include rocks with cataclastic or glassy character.	Based on NADM SLTTm	~00~04~02~01~03~
Schist		"Metamorphic rock with well developed, continuous schistosity, meaning that half of the rock is mineral grains with a thin, tabular, lamellar, or acicular prismatic crystallographic habit, mineral grains are visible to the naked eye, and tabular, lamellar, and acicular grains are oriented in a continuous planar or linear fabric. May have any mineralogy or composition."	NADM SLTTm 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~02~01~03~00~
Slate		Rock with well developed linear or planar metamorphic fabric in which individual mineral grains are too small to be discerned without a microscope (slaty cleavage). Slaty cleavage characteristically allows rock to be split into slabs or thin plates.	NADM SLTTm 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~02~01~03~01~
Phyllite		"Rock with a well developed, continuous schistosity in which individual phyllosilicate grains are just barely visible, typically with grain size between 0.1 and 0.5 millimeter, and produce a silvery sheen on cleavage surfaces. Rock becomes schist when individual phyllosilicate grains are easily visible with unaided eye, and slate when too fine-grained to discern constituent particles."	"Fettes and Desmons, 2007"	~00~04~02~01~03~02~
Mylonitic rock	"protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite, phyllonite, blastomylonite"	"Foliated metamorphic rock formed by ductile deformation; greater than 10 percent of rock is fine-grained matrix caused by tectonic grain size reduction. Category includes protomylonite, mylonite and ultramylonite."	Marshak & Mitra 1988	~00~04~02~01~03~03~
Gneiss	granulite	"A non-mylonitic foliated metamorphic rock that does not have well developed, continuous schistosity. NADM SLTTm (2002) defines well developed schistosity to mean that greater than 50 percent of the rock consists of mineral grains with a tabular, lamellar, or prismatic crystallographic habit that are oriented in a continuous planar or linear fabric. IUGS simply states a weak preferred orientation of inequant mineral grains or grain aggregates produced by metamorphic processes."	"Fettes and Desmons, 2007; NADM SLTTm, 2004"	~00~04~02~01~03~04~
Quartzite		Metamorphic rock consisting of at least 75 percent quartz; typically has granoblastic texture.	After Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~02~01~04~00~
Serpentinite		"Rock consisting of at least 75 percent serpentine-group minerals, e.g., antigorite, chrysotile or lizardite; accessory chlorite, talc and magnetite may be present."	Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~02~01~04~01~
Eclogite		"Metamorphic rock composed of at least 75 percent (by volume) omphacite and garnet, both of which are present as major constituents, the amount of neither of them being higher than 75 percent (by volume). Presence of plagioclase precludes classification as an eclogite."	"Fettes and Desmons, 2007"	~00~04~02~01~04~02~
Amphibolite		"Metamorphic rock mainly consisting of green, brown or black amphibole and plagioclase (including albite), which combined form at least 75 percent of the rock, and both of which are present as major constituents. The amphibole constitutes 50 percent or more of the total mafic constituents and is at least 30 percent of the rock volume."	"Fettes and Desmons, 2007"	~00~04~02~01~04~03~
Marble		Metamorphic rock consisting of at least 75 percent fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized carbonate minerals (typically calcite or dolomite); usually with a granoblastic texture.	"Fettes and Desmons, 2007"	~00~04~02~01~04~04~
Metasomatic rock	"skarn, tactite"	"Rock that has fabric and composition indicating open-system mineralogical and chemical changes in response to interaction with a fluid phase, typically water rich."	"NADM SLTTm, 2004"	~00~04~02~02~
Sedimentary rock		"Rock formed by accumulation and cementation of solid fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice, or as a result of chemical processes, such as precipitation from solution, the accumulation of organic material, or from biogenic processes, including secretion by organisms."	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~04~03~
Clastic sedimentary rock		"Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity."	NADM SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~03~00~
Mudstone	argillite	Clastic sedimentary rock consisting of less than 25 percent gravel-size clasts with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. Equivalent to mudrock of NADM SLTTs.	"Pettijohn et al. 1987 referenced in Hallsworth & Knox 1999; extrapolated from Folk, 1954, Figure 1a; based on Folk (1954, 1968, 1980); 25 percent cutoff for consistency within this vocabulary"	~00~04~03~00~00~
Shale		"A mudstone (mudrock of NADM SLTTs) that will part or break along thin, closely spaced layers parallel to stratification."	NADM SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~04~03~00~00~00~
Sandstone 	"arkose, arenite, calcarenite"	Clastic sedimentary rock in which less than 25 percent of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. Equivalent to sandy rock of NADM SLTTs (2005).	Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale	~00~04~03~00~01~
Conglomerate		Coarse grained sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments.	Neuendorf et al. 2005; NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~04~03~00~02~
Wackestone	graywacke	Clastic sedimentary rock that contains 15 to 75 percent matrix (undiscernible mud-size material) of unspecified or diagenetic origin. Distinguished from diamictite because mud-size material in diamictite is primary sediment.	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~04~03~00~03~
Diamictite	tillite	"Non-sorted or poorly sorted terrigenous sedimentary rock that consists of sand and /or larger particles in a muddy matrix. Particle size distribution is commonly bimodal or polymodal, with one or more modes in the coarse-grain range and one or more in the silt-clay size range. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on depositional fabric and structures that indicate genesis by glacier-related processes, sediment gravity flow, or explosive processes as indicated by chaotic mixing of clast sizes, mud-matrix enclosing larger clasts, and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. Distinguished from clastic wackestone based on interpretation that muddy matrix material is of primary sedimentary origin. Meant to be synonymous with CGI GeoSciML diamictite."	"Flint et al., 1960"	~00~04~03~00~04~
Carbonate sedimentary rock		"Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin."	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~04~03~01~
Calcareous carbonate sedimentary rock	"chalk, limestone"	Carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone.	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004; Hallsworth & Knox 1999	~00~04~03~01~00~
Dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary rock	dolostone	"Carbonate sedimentary rock with ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone."	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~04~03~01~01~
Carbonate boundstone		"Sedimentary carbonate rock with preserved biogenic texture, whose original components were bound and encrusted together during deposition by the action of plants and animals during deposition and remained substantially in the position of growth."	Hallsworth and Knox 1999; NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~04~03~01~02~00~
Carbonate mudstone		"carbonate sedimentary rock with recognizable depositional texture and matrix supported fabric, in which more than 75 percent of original sedimentary grains are mud-sized (smaller than 32 microns)."	"Dunham, 1962; Hallsworth & Knox 1999; NADM SLTTs"	~00~04~03~01~02~01~
Grainstone		Carbonate rock with grain supported depositional fabric and contains little or no (less than 1 percent) originally mud-sized particles.	"Dunham, 1962; Hallsworth and Knox 1999; NADM SLTTs"	~00~04~03~01~02~02~
Packstone		"Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible grain-supported depositional texture, containing greater than 10 percent grains; intergranular spaces are filled by matrix."	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~04~03~01~02~03~
Crystalline carbonate		Carbonate rock of indeterminate mineralogy in which diagenetic processes have obliterated any original depositional texture. Sparstone and microsparstone of Hallsworth and Knox (1999).	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~04~03~01~02~04~
Framestone		"Carbonate reef rock consisting of a rigid framework of colonies, shells or skeletons, with internal cavities filled with fine sediment; usually created through the activities of colonial organisms."	"Hallsworth & Knox 1999; NADM SLTTs, 2004, Table 15-3-1"	~00~04~03~01~02~05~
Carbonate wackestone		"Carbonate rock with preserved depositional fabric that is mud-supported, and rock contains greater than 10 percent allochems (NADM SLTTs 2004)."	Dunham 1962; Hallsworth & Knox 1999; NADM SLTTs	~00~04~03~01~02~06~
Organic rich sedimentary rock	lignite	"Sedimentary rock with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis."	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~04~03~02~
Coal	anthracite	"Hard, black, organic rich sedimentary rock that yields greater than 8,300 Btu on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis, or contains greater than 69 percent fixed carbon on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis; formed from the compaction or induration of plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits."	ASTM 2002; Schopf 1956	~00~04~03~02~00~
Non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rock	chert	"Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~04~03~03~
Biogenic silica sedimentary rock	"radiolarite, diatomite"	"Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material deposited directly by biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by biological processes within the basin of deposition."	Based on NADM SLTTs; Hallsworth & Knox 1999	~00~04~03~03~00~
Iron rich sedimentary rock		"Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent (by volume) iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis; corresponds with a rock typically containing at least 15 percent iron by weight."	Hallsworth and Knox 1999; NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~04~03~04~
Phosphorite		Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals. 	Hallsworth and Knox 1999	~00~04~03~05~
Igneous material		"Earth material formed as a result of igneous processes, eg. intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, volcanic eruption."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~05~
Acidic igneous material		Igneous material consisting of more than 63 percent SiO2.	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~05~00~
Basic igneous material		Igneous material with SiO2 between 45 and 52 percent.	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~05~01~
Intermediate composition igneous material		Igneous material with SiO2 between 52 and 63 percent.	After LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~05~02~
Fragmental igneous material		Igneous material of unspecified consolidation state in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. 	CGI concepts task group	~00~05~03~
Pyroclastic material		Material that consists of greater than 75 percent by volume of fragments produced as a direct result of volcanic processes. Volcanic processes are those associated with the extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes pyroclastic rock of Gillespie & Styles (1999) and LeMaitre et al. (2002). LeMaitre et al. (2002) explicitly exclude autobreccia related to lava flows. This is rejected here because of the difficulty it would present with fragmental deposits associated with silicic lava flows or exogenous domes (e.g. block and ash deposits). Autobreccia associated with lava flows is thus included here as a kind of pyroclastic rock.	LeMaitre et al. 2002	~00~05~03~00~
Sedimentary material		A material that is an aggregation of particles that have sedimentary genesis; consolidation state is not specified; subsumes sediment and sedimentary rock. 	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~06~
Clastic sedimentary material		"Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity."	NADM SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005	~00~06~00~
Organic-rich sedimentary material		"Sedimentary material with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis."	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~06~01~
Phosphate-rich sedimentary material		Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals.	NGMDB	~00~06~02~
Iron-rich sedimentary material		"Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent (by volume) iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis; corresponds with a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~06~03~
Carbonate sedimentary material		"Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin."	NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~06~04~
Calcareous carbonate sedimentary material		"Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments, limestone and dolomitic limestone."	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004; Hallsworth & Knox 1999	~00~06~04~00~
Dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary material		"Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation degree with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolomite sediment, dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone."	Based on NADM SLTTs 2004	~00~06~04~01~
Non-clastic siliceous sedimentary material		"Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition."	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~06~05~
Evaporite	"Halite, gypsum"	"A sedimentary material composed of at least 50 percent non-carbonate (chloride, sulfate, or borate) salts. "	Jackson 1997; NADM SLTTs	~00~06~06~
Anthropogenic material		Material known to have artificial (human-related) origin; insufficient information to classify in more detail.	CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary	~00~07~