GEOLEX

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Ransome, F.L., 1904, The geology and ore deposits of the Bisbee
   quadrangle, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional
   Paper, 21, 168 p.

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Named	Pedregosa basin	Limestone

Summary:
Named as one of four formations of Bisbee group for Mural Hill, T23S, R24E, northeast of Bisbee, Cochise Co, AZ, in Pedregosa basin. No type locality designated. Forms a prominent light-gray cliff at top of Mural Hill. Occurs across central part of Bisbee quad, on east flank of Mule Mountains, as a continuous exposure in north part and as discontinuous exposures in south and east parts, continuing into MX. Conformably overlies Morita formation (new) of Bisbee; conformably underlies Cintura formation (new) of Bisbee. Lower member, about 300 ft thick, forms a smooth under-cliff slope and consists of fossiliferous (mollusks), soft, sandy limestone and cross-bedded calcareous sandstone, and an upper buff sandstone 25 ft thick. Upper member, 350 ft thick, is a cliff-forming gray to white, hard, fossiliferous (mollusks) limestone. Geologic map. Cross sections. Columnar section. Of Comanche, Early Cretaceous age. Has same fossils as the Trinity and lower part of Fredericksburg of TX.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Stoyanow, A.A., 1937, Fossiliferous zones in the Cretaceous and
   Tertiary deposits of southeastern Arizona [abs.]: Geological
   Society of America Proceedings, 1936, p. 296-297

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Age modified	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
In the Pedregosa basin, correlated with the Trinity-Fredericksburg of Texas or Aptian of Europe. Shown as overlain by Hay Flat limestone [the latter named here but not described]. Is of Early Cretaceous age.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Butler, B.S., Wilson, E.D. and Rasor, C.A., 1938, Geology and
   ore deposits of the Tombstone district, Arizona: Arizona
   Bureau of Mines Bulletin, no. 143, 114 p., Prepared in
   cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey.  Also, Arizona
   Bureau of Mines Geological Series, no. 10; University of
   Arizona Bulletin, v. 9, no. 1.

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
The Mural limestone of Bisbee group thins northward from Bisbee, Cochise Co, AZ in the Pedregosa basin, as far as it can be traced in the Mule Mountains, and it seems likely that it pinched out entirely; the Cintura [formation] may have directly overlain the Morita [formation] a few mi farther north. Cintura resembles Morita very closely in lithology--were it not for the intervening Mural limestone, it is unlikely that the two formations would have been distinguished at Bisbee. Geologic map.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Imlay, R.W., 1939, Paleogeographic studies in northeastern
   Sonora: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 50, no.
   11, p. 1723-1744

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Age modified	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
In the Pedregosa basin, lower member of Mural limestone correlated with Trinity group of Texas and upper member of Mural correlated with Fredericksburg group of Texas. Is of Early Cretaceous age.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Stoyanow, A.A., 1949, Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy in southeastern
   Arizona: Geological Society of America Memoir, 38, 169 p.

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Revised Areal limits	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
This paper restricts the name as a formation of the Bisbee group to the upper member as originally defined. Lower member of original formation, named Lowell formation of Bisbee. Mural considered to be the most "stable" unit of the Cretaceous of southeast AZ in terms of lithologic composition and faunal extent. Extends from Bisbee south to Douglas into MX, and to southeast border of AZ extending into the Hatchet Mountains of Hidalgo Co, NM. Has not been observed west of Bisbee area. These AZ-NM localities are in the Pedregosa basin. Basal contact with Lowell distinctive; brown sandstone and limestone beds of Lowell are in contact with gray limestone of Mural. Overlain by Cintura formation of Bisbee. Three Mural units are recognized in Bisbee area: 1) a basal, thin-bedded limestone with ORBITOLINA TEXANA; 2) a middle, massive, rudistid reef limestone; and 3) an upper, thin-bedded limestone with ORBITOLINA T. Is equivalent to Glen Rose formation of TX, which also has ORBITOLINA T. at base and overlying rudistid-bearing beds. Early Cretaceous, middle Albian age. Correlation chart. Fossil lists. Marine origin.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Gilluly, James, 1956, General geology of central Cochise County,
   Arizona, with sections on age and correlation by A.R. Palmer,
   J.S. Williams, and J.B. Reeside, Jr.: U.S. Geological Survey
   Professional Paper, 281, 169 p.

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Overview	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Exposed on east side of Mule Mountains, Cochise Co, AZ, Pedregosa basin, in south-central part of map. Covered by alluvium north of Abbot Canyon. Exposures continue south into Bisbee area. Used in original sense as defined by Ransome (1904). Divided into three members: 1) a lower member, 335-600 ft thick, of thin-bedded limestone, shale, and sandstone is weakly resistant to erosion and makes up 50 percent of formation; corresponds to the lower member of Ransome; 2) a middle member of massive fossiliferous (bivalves, forams) limestone, 75-240 ft thick; and 3) an upper member with thinner beds ranging from shale and sandstone to mudstone and limestone, 20-140 ft thick. Basal contact with Morita formation of Bisbee placed at top of a resistant sandstone or quartzite that interfingers with basal Mural. Upper contact transitional with Cintura formation of Bisbee. Assigned to Comanche series, or Cretaceous. Geologic map. Cross section. Partly shallow water, partly shallow marine origin.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Sabins, F.F., Jr., 1957, Stratigraphic relations in Chiricahua
   and Dos Cabezas Mountains, Arizona: American Association of
   Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 41, no. 3, p. 466-510

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Divides Lower Cretaceous Bisbee group into lower and upper parts. Lower part consists of Glance conglomerate. Upper part is divided into three members which are, in ascending order: siltstone, limestone, and quartzite-siltstone. Middle limestone member of upper part of Bisbee group is probably equivalent to Mural limestone at Bisbee. Limestone member is about 220 ft thick at measured section at Wood Mountain in W1/2 sec 19, T15S, R30E, in Chiricahua Mountains in Cochise Co, AZ in the Pedregosa basin.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Gillerman, E., 1958, Geology of the central Peloncillo Mountains,
   Hidalgo County, New Mexico, and Cochise County, Arizona: New
   Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin, no.
   57, 152 p.

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Not used

Summary:
Not used in Peloncillo Mountains. Here Bisbee group divided into four newly named formations which are, in ascending order: McGhee Peak formation, Carbonate Hill limestone, Still Ridge formation, and Johnny Bull sandstone. Carbonate Hill limestone is contemporaneous with part of Lowell formation of Stoyanow (1949). [Lowell includes lower member of Mural as originally defined by Ransome (1904)].

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Douglass, W.B., Jr., 1960, Geology of the southern Butte Mountains,
   White Pine County, Nevada, IN Guidebook to the geology of
   east-central Nevada: Intermountain Association of Petroleum
   Geologists Guidebook, 11th Annual Field Conference, p.
   181-185

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Biostratigraphic dating	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Is formation in Cochise Co, southeast AZ in Pedregosa basin. Above Lowell formation of Stoyanow (1949); below Cintura formation. Biostratigraphic dating on basis of the foraminiferal genus ORBITOLINA. ORBITOLINA MINUTA Douglass, n. sp. identified from measured section in eastern part of Mule Mountains, 6 mi east of Bisbee (secs 7 and 18, T23S, R25E) indicates an Albian age. Is noted that O. MINUTA is similar to O. TEXANA and that the two have not been separated by earlier authors. Stratigraphically the two species occur at separate horizons. O. MINUTA (present in the Mural) also occurs in central TX in upper part of Glen Rose limestone and as low as "SALENIA zone". O. TEXANA is confined to lower part of Glen Rose, below "SALENIA zone". Correlation (fig. 2) with Broken Jug limestone, Howells Ridge formation, and Playas Peak formation (part) in NM; Bluff formation (part) of Smith (1940) in Hudspeth Co, TX; Shafter limestone in Presidio Co, TX; and Glen Rose limestone (part) of the Trinity group in central TX. Age is Early Cretaceous (Albian).

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Hayes, P.T. and Landis, E.R., 1961, Lower member of Mural
   Limestone of Early Cretaceous age, Bisbee Quadrangle, Arizona,
   IN Geological Survey research 1961; short papers in the
   geologic and hydrologic sciences; Articles 1-146: U.S.
   Geological Survey Professional Paper, 424-B, p. B125-B127

Usage in Publication:
Mural limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Overview	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Name as used in the Bisbee area of Cochise Co, AZ, Pedregosa basin, was restricted by Stoyanow (1949) to upper member of Mural limestone of Ransome (1904). Stoyanow named Lowell formation to include lower member of Ransome's Mural limestone as well as 580 ft of the upper beds of Morita formation down to base of lowest fossiliferous zone. The base of Lowell formation found to not be readily traceable, whereas the base of Mural limestone as originally defined by Ransome (1904) can be mapped readily within narrow stratigraphic units. In addition, one hundred sixty ft of rocks at Lowell type section duplicated by a fault. Several writers assumed that Lowell was a replacement name only for the lower member of the Mural. Stoyanow did not clearly state that several hundred ft of Morita were also included in Lowell. Facies and thickness trends in Lower Cretaceous rocks observed in this area by workers since Stoyanow's time are not as extreme as thought prior to this paper. [Authors allude to their preference for Ransome's definition, though they do not "abandon" the Lowell.] Cross section.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Konishi, K. and Epis, R.C., 1962, Some Early Cretaceous calcareous
   algae from Cochise County, Arizona: Micropaleontology, v. 8,
   no. 1, p. 67-76

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits Overview	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Extended as a formation of the Bisbee Group to Pedregosa Mountains in the Pedregosa basin where 3,320 ft thick. Algae collected from lower part of formation suggest that Mural was deposited in a tropical or subtropical environment. [The lower half of Mural as used by Konishi and Epis not accepted as part of Mural by Hayes, 1970.] Contacts are conformable with overlying Cintura formation and underlying Morita formation, both of Bisbee group. Well exposed in northeastern portion of Pedregosa Mountains quadrangle in secs 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, T20S, R29E and in south-central portion of quadrangle in secs 10, 11, 14, T22S, R29E. Is of Early Cretaceous age.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Hayes, P.T. and Raup, R.B., 1968, Geologic map of the Huachuca
   and Mustang Mountains, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological
   Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map, I-509, 1
   sheet, scale

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Extended as a formation of Bisbee Group to Huachuca Mountains, Cochise Co, AZ in the Pedregosa basin, where it is about 600 ft thick. Exposed on southwestern flank of range. Is of Early Cretaceous age.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Hayes, P.T., 1970, Cretaceous paleogeography of southeastern
   Arizona and adjacent areas, IN Mesozoic stratigraphy in
   southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional
   Paper, 658-B, p. B1-B42

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Overview	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Is formation of Bisbee Group (Lower Cretaceous) in Mule and Huachuca Mountains, southern Cochise Co, AZ in Pedregosa basin. Overlies Morita Formation of Bisbee; underlies Cintura Formation of Bisbee. Is divided into: a lower member that consists of interbedded mudstone, limestone, siltstone, and sandstone; and an upper member consisting mostly of limestone. Upper member contains rudist-rich bioherms and biostromes and the foraminifer ORBITOLINA. Upper member is correlated with upper part of Trinity Group and possibly lowest part of Fredericksburg Group of TX on basis of fossils; on basis of fossils and lithology is correlated with upper part of U-Bar Formation in Big Hatchet Mountains and upper parts of Broken Jug Limestone, Playas Peak and Howells Ridge Formations in Little Hatchet Mountains; and with less certainty with other rocks of Bisbee Group. [See fig. 5 for regional correlations.] Is of Aptian to Albian (Early Cretaceous) age [apparently on basis of fossils and correlation].

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Hayes, P.T., 1970, Mesozoic stratigraphy of the Mule and Huachuca
   Mountains, Arizona, IN Mesozoic stratigraphy in southeastern
   Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 658-A,
   p. A1-A28

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Principal reference Overview	Pedregosa basin	Limestone Sandstone Siltstone

Summary:
A formation of the Bisbee Group. Principal reference section (shown graphically) established separately for lower and upper members in Mule Mountains: lower member in NE1/4 NE1/4 sec 10, T23S, R24E; upper member in SW1/4 SE1/4 sec 12, T23S, R24E, Cochise Co, AZ in the Pedregosa basin. General description of formation given for both Mule and Huachuca Mountains. Lower member composed of pale-yellow-brown to olive-gray (weathered), gray (fresh), fine- to very fine grained, calcareous, mostly feldspathic, fossiliferous (mollusks) sandstone in beds less than 1 ft thick; calcareous and platy to shaly, gray to olive-gray (weathered) siltstone; and gray, fossiliferous (oysters), silty limestone in beds 1 to 3 ft thick that form ledges. Upper member is medium-light-gray (weathered), dark-gray (fresh), fossiliferous (mollusks), cliff- or ridge-forming limestone that has scattered red-brown chert nodules and a few thin interbeds of fine-grained, calcareous sandstone. Ranges from 500 to 650 ft thick in Mule Mountains and from 300 to 800 ft thick in Huachuca Mountains. Basal contact placed at top sandstone ledge at top of Morita Formation of Bisbee. Upper contact with Cintura Formation of Bisbee placed where predominant limestone gives way to predominant sandstone lithology. Is of Early Cretaceous age.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Kehler, P.L., 1975, The lower Zuni sequence in the southwestern
   United States: Southern Methodist University, Institute for
   the Study of Earth and Man, Report of Investigations, no. 1,
   27 p.

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Overview	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Illustration indicates an unconformity between Mural Limestone and overlying Cintura Formation. Lowell Formation of Stoyanow (1949) shown as separate from Mural. [This paper may be based on preconceptions and inadequate review of the literature.] Is in the Pedregosa basin. Is of Early Cretaceous age.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Drewes, Harald and Thorman, C.H., 1980, Geologic map of the
   Steins quadrangle and the adjacent part of the Vanar quadrangle,
   Hidalgo County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous
   Investigations Series Map, I-1220, 1 sheet, scale

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Extended as a formation of the Bisbee Group within Pedregosa basin to northern part of Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo Co, NM to replace local formational name [Carbonate Hill Limestone of Bisbee Group] of Gillerman (1958). Described as several hundred meters thick. Conformably overlies Morita Formation and conformably underlies Cintura Formation of Bisbee Group. [Hayes (1970) tentatively correlated the rocks here included in the Mural with a part of the Morita Formation in the Mule Mountains.] Outcrops in south-central part of map area. Is of Early Cretaceous age.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Drewes, Harald, 1981, Tectonics of southeastern Arizona: U.S.
   Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1144, 96 p., (incl.
   geologic maps, scale 1:12,000, 1:24,000, 1:31,250, 1:31,680,
   1:48,000)

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Extended as a formation of the Bisbee Group to Perilla Mountains, 10-15 km northeast of Douglas, Cochise Co, AZ in Pedregosa basin. Outcrops southwest of College Peaks in Hog Canyon area and north of Highway 80. Conformable contacts with overlying Cintura Formation and underlying Morita Formation, both of Bisbee. Early Cretaceous age. Correlation chart.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Hayes, P.T., 1982, Geologic map of Bunk Robinson Peak and Whitmire
   Canyon Roadless areas, Coronado National Forest, New Mexico
   and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field
   Studies Map, MF-1425-A, 1 sheet, scale

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Extended as a formation of Bisbee Group into southern Peloncillo Mountains, Cochise Co, AZ and Hidalgo Co, NM in the Pedregosa basin. Outcrop occurs along southwestern side of Baker Canyon fault, southeasternmost Cochise Co, AZ. Contacts are conformable with overlying Cintura Formation and underlying Morita Formation. Early Cretaceous age.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Drewes, Harald, 1986, Geologic map of the northern part of the
   Animas Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological
   Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map, I-1686, 1
   sheet, scale

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Formation names of the Lower Cretaceous Bisbee Group used in Bisbee area (ascending order: Glance Conglomerate, Morita Formation, Mural Limestone, and Cintura Formation) are recognized for the first time in northern Animas Mountains of Hidalgo Co, NM in the Pedregosa basin. Formation names of Bisbee area were defined by Ransome in 1904 [and apparently take precedence over local terminologies defined later by Gillerman (1958) whose names McGhee Peak Formation, Johnny Bull Sandstone, Still Ridge Formation, and Carbonate Hill Limestone are not used in this report]. Mapped in central part of quad in Ts27 and 28S, R18W. Rudistid fossils, mollusks found in bioherms, ORBITOLINA, and saucer-shaped forams localities plotted.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Drewes, Harald, 1987, Geologic map and cross sections of the
   Dragoon Mountains, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological
   Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map, I-1662, 1
   sheet, scale 1:24,000

Usage in Publication:
Mural Limestone*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Pedregosa basin

Summary:
Extended as a formation of Bisbee Group to Dragoon Mountains in central Cochise Co, AZ in Pedregosa basin. Tenuous assignment of Mural to outcrops occurring in Four Canyon area in northern part of map area and in Cochise Peak and Black Diamond areas in southern part of map. Thickness is 5-20 m. Reef structure common near type locality, 50 km to south, not known in Dragoon Mountains. Conformable contact with overlying Cintura Formation and underlying Morita Formation. Many beds contain fragments of molluscan fossils; no rudistids or ORBITOLINA Foraminifera found. Early Cretaceous age.

Summary of Citation: Mural

Publication:
Drewes, H., du Bray, E.A. and Pallister, J.S., 1994, Geologic
   map of the Portal 7.5-minute quadrangle, Cochise County,
   southeast Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous
   Investigations Series Map, I-2450, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000

Usage in Publication:
Mural Formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Mapped 1:24k Redescribed	Pedregosa basin	Shale Siltstone Limestone

Summary:
Mapped as a sequence consisting dominantly of gray shale and siltstone but with locally abundant thin beds of light-gray to light-medium-gray fine-grained and locally laminated limestone. Sparse marine pelecypod and gastropod fossils. Outcrops mainly in southwest, west-central, and central part of quad with small exposures in southeast part, Cochise Co, AZ, Pedregosa basin. Thickness is about 900-1800 m. Probably deposited as a lagoonal facies transitional between reef limestone of typical Mural Limestone to south and clastic fluvial beds to north. Third formation from base of Bisbee Group; conformably overlies Morita Formation of Bisbee; conformably underlies Cintura Formation of Bisbee. Early Cretaceous age.