GEOLEX

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Cross, C.W., 1894, Description of the Pikes Peak sheet [Colorado]:
   U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Atlas of the United States,
   Pikes Peak folio, no. 7, 5 p.

Usage in Publication:
Fountain formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Named	Denver basin	Sandstone Conglomerate Grit

Summary:
Named for typical development on Fountain Creek below Manitou Springs and at head of Fountain Creek, El Paso Co, CO in the Denver basin. No type locality designated. Mapped (geologic map) in Shaws, Garden, Six Mile, and Eight Mile Parks, Fremont Co, at the south-central and southeast part of quad, and in Woodland Park, Teller Co, in the northeast part of the quad. Consists of red, coarse-grained, crumbly, arkosic, cross-bedded sandstone, grit, and conglomerate, and some darker red arenaceous shale or fine-grained sandstone. Conglomerate layers contain pebbles of Algonkian quartzite, limestone, and chert. Is heavy bedded. Contains much feldspathic material derived from adjacent granite. Estimated at about 1,000 ft thick. Unconformably overlies Carboniferous Millsap limestone (new) locally, and Silurian Fremont limestone, Harding sandstone, or Manitou limestone at other localities. To east of Pikes Peak sheet, Fountain is in contact with granite or gneiss. Is overlain by the Juratrias Morrison formation. No fossils found. Assigned t the Carboniferous on basis of stratigraphic position.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Finlay, G.I., 1907, The Gleneyrie formation and its bearing on
   the age of the Fountain formation in the Manitou region,
   Colorado: Journal of Geology, v. 15, p. 586-589

Usage in Publication:
Fountain formation

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Revised Age modified	Denver basin

Summary:
Upper contact revised. Fountain unconformably overlies the newly-named Gleneyrie formation of Pennsylvanian age near Manitou, El Paso Co, CO in the Denver basin. Thought to be Pennsylvanian rather than Carboniferous as assigned by Cross in an earlier report. Fossil brachiopods. Age of upper layers of formation uncertain; they may be Permian or Triassic.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Butters, R.M., 1913, Permian or "Permo-Carboniferous" of the
   eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado: Colorado
   Geological Survey Bulletin, no. 5, pt. 2, p. 65-94

Usage in Publication:
Fountain formation

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Revised	Denver basin

Summary:
Upper contact revised. Fountain underlies the newly named Ingleside formation of Pennsylvanian age north of Lyons, Boulder Co, CO and north into Larimer Co, CO to the CO-WY State line in the Denver basin. At most places the Fountain Ingleside contact is distinct. Contact placed at top of last prominent arkosic conglomerate. Unconformably overlies pre-Cambrian at most places but may also overlie rocks that range from Cambrian to Mississippian age. At base of formation near WY line there is a shale less than 20 ft thick with chert boulders which have Mississippian fossils. Derivation of boulders discussed. Columnar and local sections from North Table Mountain to Four mile Canyon north of Boulder of Fountain. Of "Upper Carboniferous" age.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Condra, G.E., Reed, E.C. and Scherer, O.J., 1940, Correlation
   of the formations of the Laramie Range, Hartville uplift,
   Black Hills, and western Nebraska: Nebraska Geological Survey
   Bulletin, no. 13, 52 p., Revised 1950.

Usage in Publication:
Fountain formation

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits Overview	Denver basin Powder River basin

Summary:
Recognized beneath Ingleside? formation and above pre-Cambrian granite from Owl Canyon, Larimer Co, CO, Denver basin north to the Laramie Range, Laramie Co, WY, to La Bonte PO (sec 5, T29N, R72W), Converse Co, WY in the Powder River basin. Measured sections included. Assigned to the Pennsylvanian subsystem.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Maher, J.C., 1946, Correlation of Paleozoic rocks across Las
   Animas arch in Baca, Las Animas, and Otero Counties, Colorado:
   American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v.
   30, no. 10, p. 1756-1763

Usage in Publication:
Fountain formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Las Animas arch

Summary:
A formation of Pennsylvanian age extended into the subsurface of Otero Co, southeast CO on the Las Animas arch. Overlies Glen Eyrie shale of Pennsylvanian age; underlies Lyons sandstone of Permian age. Correlation chart.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Frederickson, E.A., De Lay, M. and Saylor, W.W., 1956, Ralston
   Formation of Canon City embayment, Colorado: American
   Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 40, no. 9,
   p. 2120-2148

Usage in Publication:
Fountain formation

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Overview	Denver basin

Summary:
In the southwest part of Denver basin in Fremont and El Paso Cos, CO, the Early Permian and Pennsylvanian Fountain formation is 4,500 ft thick at Colorado Springs, 1,000 ft thick east of Canon City to southwest, and is missing at Grape Ridge southwest of Canon City. The upper part of Fountain is shown as intertonguing with Permian Lyons sandstone (also called Lyons formation in this report). Underlies Permian Lykins Formation west of Beaver Creek (T17S, R68W). Fountain overlies Beulah formation of Mississippian age. Geologic map. Stratigraphic chart.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Van Horn, Richard, 1957, Bedrock geology of the Golden quadrangle,
   Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map,
   GQ-103, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000

Usage in Publication:
Fountain formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Mapped 1:24k (Golden quad, Jefferson Co, CO)	Denver basin	Sandstone Conglomerate Mudstone

Summary:
Is Pennsylvanian formation mapped in northern Jefferson Co, CO (Denver basin). Outcrops as a northwesterly striking belt in southwestern part of quad. Overlies Idaho Springs formation (Precambrian) with an angular unconformity; unconformably? underlies Lyons sandstone (Permian). Consists mainly of conglomerate and mudstone. Composed of pink to reddish-orange, coarse-grained, conglomeratic, cross-bedded, arkosic sandstone and conglomerate interbedded with lenticular, dark reddish-brown, micaceous, silty, indurated mudstones. Occasional lenticular, pinkish-gray, fine-grained, cross-bedded, quartzose sandstone beds, very similar to sandstone in overlying Lyons, occur in upper 30 ft. Coarse fraction, which includes cobbles up to 7 inches in diameter, is composed of quartz and pink feldspar and minor schist, gneiss, quartzite, granite, and limestone. Prominent pink color is due to iron oxide and pink feldspar. Lenticularity, cross-bedding, and coarse nature of deposits indicate terrestrial origin. Thickness is about 800 ft.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Scott, G.R., 1962, Geology of the Littleton quadrangle, Jefferson,
   Douglas, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado, IN Contributions
   to general geology, 1960: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin,
   1121-L, p. L1-L53

Usage in Publication:
Fountain formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Mapped 1:24k (Jefferson quad, Jefferson Co, CO)	Denver basin	Conglomerate Sandstone

Summary:
Is Pennsylvanian and Permian formation mapped in east-central Jefferson Co, CO (Denver basin). Outcrops in southwest corner of quad where it is best developed in sec 21, T6S, R69W. Map unit consists of moderate-reddish-brown arkosic conglomerate, coarse sandstone, and thin layers of dark reddish-brown shale; quartz, feldspar, and muscovite are common. Conglomerate beds are crudely sorted, discontinuous, and cross-bedded. Shaly beds are common at base. Difference in hardness of individual beds causes weathering and erosion into "grotesquely" shaped slabs and monuments. Thickness is about 2000 ft, but some of unit may have been removed by strike fault that parallels Front Range. Nonconformably overlies Precambrian rocks; unconformably underlies Lyons sandstone.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Scott, G.R., 1963, Bedrock geology of the Kassler quadrangle,
   Colorado, IN Geology of the Kassler quadrangle, Jefferson
   and Douglas Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey
   Professional Paper, 421-B, p. B71-B125

Usage in Publication:
Fountain formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Mapped 1:24k (Kassler quad, Douglas and Jefferson Cos, CO)	Denver basin	Sandstone Conglomerate Siltstone Shale

Summary:
Is Pennsylvanian and Permian formation mapped in northwestern Douglas and southeastern Jefferson Cos, CO (Denver basin). Outcrops as northwesterly striking, easterly dipping belt 1,500-3,000 ft wide along Hogback in central part of quad. Overlies Precambrian crystalline rocks with an erosional unconformity; unconformably underlies Lyons sandstone (Permian). In general unit is not well exposed and forms valley; within valley hogbacks, ridges, and spires of more resistant sandstone are conspicuous. Consists of moderate reddish-brown arkosic conglomeratic sandstone and minor amounts of arkosic conglomerate, siltstone, and dark reddish-brown shale. Thickness ranges from 1,150-2,250 ft. Contains no fossils. Age is based on Permian fossils in Ingleside formation with which Fountain intertongues in northern CO, and on Pennsylvanian fossils in Glen Eyrie shale member of Fountain in Colorado Springs area.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Ellis, C.H., 1966, Paleontologic age of the Fountain Formation
   south of Denver, Colorado: The Mountain Geologist, v. 3, no.
   4, p. 155-160

Usage in Publication:
Fountain Formation

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Age modified	Denver basin

Summary:
Fauna of Morrowan age discovered in a limestone member of the Fountain Formation in Perry Park, S1/2 NW1/4 sec 1, T10S, R68W, Douglas Co, CO in the Denver basin. The limestone member lies 250 ft above the base of the Fountain. The member is divisible into a lower pink, thin-bedded, fossiliferous limestone interbedded with quartzose, micaceous, fine-grained, resistant siltstone 15 ft thick, and an upper grayish-orange-pink, resistant, persistent, fossiliferous dolomite 5 ft thick. The member, traceable for two miles, forms a low hogback. The same calcareous interval has not been identified elsewhere. The limestone contains an abundant microfauna with every major invertebrate phylum represented. The siltstone has bryozoans, brachiopods, crinoids, echinoids, and gastropods. The dolomite contains gastropods, crinoids, echinoderms, but the fossils in it are not as well preserved as in the limestone. The faunal assemblage suggests a marine environment with normal salinity and adequate circulation that was interrupted from time to time by silty sediment.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Scott, G.R., 1972, Geologic map of the Morrison quadrangle,
   Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous
   Investigations Series Map, I-790-A, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000

Usage in Publication:
Fountain Formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Mapped 1:24k (Morrison quad, Jefferson Co, CO)	Denver basin	Sandstone Conglomerate

Summary:
Is Permian and Pennsylvanian formation mapped in north-central Jefferson Co, CO (Denver basin). Outcrops along west side of Hogback. Is oldest formal unit mapped; overlies Precambrian X [Early Proterozoic] gneiss units with major unconformity and uplift noted; unconformably underlies Lyons Sandstone (Permian). Described as maroon arkosic thick-bedded coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate containing thin layers of dark-maroon micaceous silty fine-grained sandstone becoming more abundant in lower part. Characterized by festooned and torrential cross-bedding. Composed primarily of Precambrian detritus, but contains rare fragments of lower Paleozoic rocks in lower part. Conglomerate near base contains boulders as large as 10 inches in diameter. Thickness is 1,600 ft.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Bryant, B.H., Miller, R.D. and Scott, G.R., 1973, Geologic map
   of the Indian Hills quadrangle, Jefferson County, Colorado:
   U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map, GQ-1073, 1
   sheet, scale 1:24,000

Usage in Publication:
Fountain Formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Mapped 1:24k (Indian Hills quad, Jefferson Co, CO)	Denver basin	Conglomerate Sandstone Shale

Summary:
Is Pennsylvanian and Permian formation mapped in central Jefferson Co, CO (Denver basin). Outcrops in eastern part of quad following northwest strike of Hogback. Is oldest Phanerozoic unit in quad; younger than Precambrian lamprophyre and Silver Plume Quartz Monzonite (Precambrian Y [Middle Proterozoic]); conformably underlies Lyons Sandstone (Permian). Map unit described as moderate-reddish-brown iron-stained arkosic conglomerate and moderately hard coarse sandstone containing thin layers of dark-reddish-brown (purplish) shale. Sandstone and conglomerate are locally cemented by calcium carbonate. Numerous outcrops in valley west of Lyons Sandstone ridge north and south of Deer Creek display bleached coarse sandstone, probably owing to greater permeability within coarser sandstone. Pinnacles and monuments formed by differential weathering are characteristic. Thickness about 2000 ft.

Summary of Citation: Fountain

Publication:
Jennings, J.R., 1980, Fossil plants from the Fountain Formation
   (Pennsylvanian) of Colorado: Journal of Paleontology, v. 54,
   no. 1, p. 149-158

Usage in Publication:
Fountain Formation

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Overview	Denver basin

Summary:
Fossil plants of Pennsylvanian age found at two localities in Garden Park north of Canon City in NE1/4 SE1/4 NE1/4 sec 4, T17S, R70W and in NE1/4 SW1/4 NE1/4 sec 4, T17S, R70W, Fremont Co, CO in the Denver basin, are figured and described for the first time. Flora includes LEPIDOPHLOIOS LARICINUS, several SIGILLARIA, SYRINGODENDRON sp., LEPIDOPHYLLOIDES sp., LEPIDOSTROBUS sp., LEPIDOSTROBOPHYLLUM sp., several CALAMITES, NEUROPTERUS cf. N. GIGANTEA, CYCLOPTERIS sp., cf. MARIOPTERIS PYGMAEA, and STIGMARIA FICOIDES. Various plant impressions at the first locality were found in arkosic red sandstone and maroon to buff siltstone adjacent to the lower contact of the Fountain. Only casts of STIGMARIA FICOIDES were found at the second locality in red mudstone above the lowermost arkosic sandstone. Regarded as a fluvial unit with a few carbonaceous zones in its Glen Eyrie Member. Base of the Fountain has been regarded as Atokan in southeast WY and as Morrowan in the Denver basin and Canon City Embayment. Plant fossils are consistent with age assignment applied in Canon City Embayment.