GEOLEX

Summary of Citation: White River

Publication:
Darton, N.H., 1899, Preliminary report on the geology and water
   resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third
   meridian: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report, 19, p.
   721-785

Usage in Publication:
White River group*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Revised	Denver basin Chadron arch

Summary:
Divided into Chadron formation, first published use as a lower formation of White River group, and the overlying Brule clay, named as upper formation of White River group. Chadron replaces use of "Titano therium beds" of earlier reports. Chadron mapped (geologic map) in Sioux Co, NE in the Denver basin and in Dawes and Sheridan Cos, NE on the Chadron arch. Brule mapped (geologic map) in Scotts Bluff, Banner, Kimaball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Cos, NE in the Denver basin, and in Keith Co, NE on the Chadron arch. Many sketches, photographs, and stratigraphic sections. Overlies Pierre shale or clay. Underlies Gering formation (first used). Of Tertiary age.

Summary of Citation: White River

Publication:
Nace, R.L., 1939, Geology of the northwest part of the Red
   Desert, Sweetwater and Fremont Counties, Wyoming: Wyoming
   Geological Survey Bulletin, no. 27, 51 p.

Usage in Publication:
White River group

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Revised	Wind River basin Greater Green River basin

Summary:
Divided into the Beaver Divide conglomerate member (named as a replacement term for Sweetwater member, a geographic term that is preempted) and an upper part. Beaver Divide is 68+/-ft thick. The overlying upper part is 450? ft thick. Disconformably overlies the newly named Continental Peak formation. Stratigraphic table; geologic map; cross sections; measured sections. Beaver Divide mapped at Oregon Buttes, Sweetwater Co, WY in the Greater Green River basin and at Continental Peak, Fremont Co, Wind River basin. Upper part mapped at Oregon Buttes and north of the Continental fault in Fremont Co. Oligocene age.

Summary of Citation: White River

Publication:
Bump, J.D., 1956, Geographic names for members of the Brule
   formation of the Big Badlands of South Dakota: American
   Journal of Science, v. 254, no. 7, p. 429-432

Usage in Publication:
White River formation

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Revised	Chadron arch Williston basin

Summary:
Brule formation, upper formation of White River group, divided into two newly named members, the Scenic member at base and the Poleslide member at top. Scenic described from measured section south of Scenic, Pennington Co, SD in the Williston basin. Poleslide member described from section measured in Shannon Co on the Chadron arch. Brule is Oligocene age. Overlies Chadron formation. Underlies Arikaree formation.

Summary of Citation: White River

Publication:
Harksen, J.C., Macdonald, J.R. and Sevon, W.D., 1961, New Miocene
   formation in South Dakota: American Association of Petroleum
   Geologists Bulletin, v. 45, no. 5, p. 674-678

Usage in Publication:
White River group

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Revised	Chadron arch

Summary:
Revised in that Brule formation, upper formation of White River group, underlies the newly named Sharps formation, basal formation of Arikaree group in Shannon Co, SD on the Chadron arch.

Summary of Citation: White River

Publication:
Van Houten, F.B., 1964, Tertiary geology of the Beaver Rim area,
   Fremont and Natrona Counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey
   Bulletin, 1164, 99 p.

Usage in Publication:
White River Formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Revised Overview	Wind River basin

Summary:
Unconformably overlies newly named Wagon Bed Formation. Separable into: Big Sand Draw Sandstone Lentil, known on Beaver Rim; 2) Beaver Divide Conglomerate Member, known in western part of map area; and 3) the upper part. Varies in thickness (figure 13). Maximum thickness of 650 ft known along Beaver Rim. Wedges out against Sweetwater uplift and Sweetwater anticline in Wind River basin WY. Correlates with part of Wiggins Formation. Stream-laid, flood plain, and shallow pond deposit. Mammalian fossils of Chadronian and possibly Orellan, or early and middle Oligocene identified.

Summary of Citation: White River

Publication:
Denson, N.M., 1965, Miocene and Pliocene rocks of central Wyoming,
   IN Cohee, G.V., and West, W.S., Changes in stratigraphic
   nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1964: U.S.
   Geological Survey Bulletin, 1224-A, p. A70-A74

Usage in Publication:
White River Formation*

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Areal limits	Wind River basin

Summary:
Used for Oligocene rocks in Granite Mountains area, Fremont and Natrona Cos., WY in the Wind River basin as the unit below Arikaree Formation in preference to name Split Rock Formation. Term Split Rock abandoned.

Summary of Citation: White River

Publication:
Hickey, L.J., 1977, Stratigraphy and paleobotany of the Golden
   Valley Formation (early Tertiary) of western North Dakota:
   Geological Society of America Memoir, 150, 181 p.

Usage in Publication:
White River Group

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Revised	Williston basin

Summary:
Lower contact revised in that the Oligocene Chadron Formation, basal formation of the White River Group unconformably overlies the newly named Camels Butte Member of Golden Valley Formation in western ND in the Williston basin. Lower Chadron is arkosic, fine- to coarse-grained, angular, non-calcareous, somewhat tuffaceous sandstone. The grains are mostly quartz and feldspar. Conglomerate lenses in the sandstone contain clasts that range from granules to cobbles of volcanics (welded tuff, quartz latite porphyry, and rhyolite) transported from the Absaroka volcanic field in northwest WY. Other constituents in the conglomerate are granite, chert, petrified wood, crystalline rocks, and some granules of clinker. Where reworked Golden Valley material present in lower Chadron, the lower Chadron contact difficult to select. The underlying upper Camels Butte has been leached and oxidized to depth of 7 to 30 m beneath the unconformity. Brilliant colors developed in the zone of weathering. Camels Butte was designated upper member of Golden Valley in earlier reports. Correlation chart. Mapped as White River Group [undivided] on the geologic map. White River is as much as 76 m thick in the map area. White River underlies Arikaree Formation.

Summary of Citation: White River

Publication:
Retallack, G.J., 1983, Late Eocene and Oligocene paleosols from
   Badlands National Park, South Dakota: Geological Society of
   America Special Paper, 193, 82 p.

Usage in Publication:
White River Group

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Overview	Williston basin Sioux uplift

Summary:
Numerous paleosols in the Chadron and Brule Formations of White River Group studied. Climate was probably humid and subtropical to subhumid and warm temperate in Chadron time. Chadron deposits were laid down on a floodplain in early Oligocene time. Climate in Brule time (early late Oligocene) was semiarid. Brule divided into Scenic Member, at base, a near stream deposit and Poleslide Member, a flatland deposit. White River unconformably overlies the Slim Buttes Formation and underlies the Sharps Formation of the Arikaree Group. Badlands National Park is in Pennington Co, SD in the Williston basin and Jackson Co, SD on the Sioux uplift.

Summary of Citation: White River

Publication:
Prothero, D.R. and Swisher, C.C., III, 1992, Magnetostratigraphy
   and geochronology of the terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene transition
   in North America, IN Prothero, D.R., and Berggren, W.A.,
   eds., Eocene-Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution: Princeton
   University Press, p. 46-73

Usage in Publication:
White River Group

Modifications:	Geologic Province:	Dominant Lithology:
Age modified Isotopic dating	Wind River basin

Summary:
40Ar/39Ar dates on biotite from the "Purple White Layer" (PWL) yielded a mean age of 33.91 +/-0.06 Ma (latest Eocene). PWL is an ash that marks boundary between Chadron Formation [White River Group] and overlying Orella Member of Brule Formation [White River Group] and marks Chadronian-Orellan North American Land Mammal "Age" boundary and the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Thus, Chadronian and Chadron are now latest Eocene age and Orellan and lower part of Brule are earliest Oligocene age. Ash samples taken from Flagstaff Rim section in south-central WY. Tables of isotopic dates.